“…The rare earth elements (REE) are a coherent group of elements that have been used extensively to trace low-temperature geological and biogeochemical processes in a range of rocks, soils, sediments, and aquatic environments, e.g., continental crust evolution [Taylor and McLennan, 1981;Taylor et al, 1986], paleoclimatic environment [Tanaka et al, 2007;Yang et al, 2014], sediment provenance [McLennan, 1989;Hoskin and Ireland, 2000;Yang et al, 2002;Dou et al, 2010;Jung et al, 2012Jung et al, , 2016Li et al, 2013;Lim et al, 2014], weathering/erosion processes [Nesbitt, 1979;Duddy, 1980;Aubert et al, 2001;Singh and Rajamani, 2001;Ma et al, 2007Ma et al, , 2011Yusoff et al, 2013], and solid-water interactions in natural environments [Johannesson and Lyons, 1994;Hannigan and Sholkovitz, 2001;Stille et al, 2009;Leybourne and Johannesson, 2008;Tang and Johannesson, 2010]. All these studies are commonly based on the unique character and the REE composition (stable and active signals) variations during earth surface processes.…”