Reemergence of Adenovirus Type 4 Acute Respiratory Disease in Military Trainees: Report of an Outbreak during a Lapse in Vaccination

Barraza, Evelyn M.; Ludwig, Sharon L.; Gaydos, Joel C.; Brundage, John F.

doi:10.1086/314772

Cited by 87 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Meanwhile, HAdV-E infection predominated among children aged 8 years in the present study, and in addition to the routine surveillance, HAdV-E was isolated from all 5 samples of children in an event of class closure due to the spread of respiratory illness at an elementary school in Osaka in 2012 (data not shown). These results support the previous report that HAdV-E4 was associated with respiratory infection in adults and children and can cause outbreaks (11).…”

supporting

confidence: 92%

“…Epidemic levels of HAdV-B7 have been low in the recent years in Japan, and detection of both HAdV-B14 and -B55 has not been reported thus far (http: www.nih.go.jp niid en iasr-e.html). Acute respiratory diseases are typically caused by HAdV-E4, -B7, -B14, and -B55 (11)(12)(13). HAdV-D has occasionally been reported as a cause of respiratory infections (14), and molecular epidemiological study of HAdVs associated with epidemic keratoconjunctivitis showed circulation of HAdV-D37 and -D53 in Osaka (5).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surveillance of Adenovirus Respiratory Infections in Children from Osaka, Japan

et al. 2017

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supporting

confidence: 92%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Surveillance of Adenovirus Respiratory Infections in Children from Osaka, Japan

et al. 2017

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“…The reemergence of HAdV-caused ARD during a temporary lapse of vaccine coverage in 1994-1995 is documented in a study noting an 11.6% rate of ARD hospitalization in a military group in the week ending 6 May 1995. The following week brought a rate of 3%, with HAdV-4 characterized in 85.7% of the cases (3).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomic and Bioinformatics Analyses of HAdV-4vac and HAdV-7vac, Two Human Adenovirus (HAdV) Strains That Constituted Original Prophylaxis against HAdV-Related Acute Respiratory Disease, a Reemerging Epidemic Disease

Purkayastha

McGraw

et al. 2005

J Clin Microbiol

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Vaccine strains of human adenovirus serotypes 4 and 7 (HAdV-4vac and HAdV-7vac) have been used successfully to prevent adenovirus-related acute respiratory disease outbreaks. The genomes of these two vaccine strains have been sequenced, annotated, and compared with their prototype equivalents with the goals of understanding their genomes for molecular diagnostics applications, vaccine redevelopment, and HAdV pathoepidemiology. These reference genomes are archived in GenBank as HAdV-4vac (35,994 bp; AY594254) and HAdV-7vac (35,240 bp; AY594256). Bioinformatics and comparative whole-genome analyses with their recently reported and archived prototype genomes reveal six mismatches and four insertions-deletions (indels) between the HAdV-4 prototype and vaccine strains, in contrast to the 611 mismatches and 130 indels between the HAdV-7 prototype and vaccine strains. Annotation reveals that the HAdV-4vac and HAdV-7vac genomes contain 51 and 50 coding units, respectively. Neither vaccine strain appears to be attenuated for virulence based on bioinformatics analyses. There is evidence of genome recombination, as the inverted terminal repeat of HAdV-4vac is initially identical to that of species C whereas the prototype is identical to species B1. These vaccine reference sequences yield unique genome signatures for molecular diagnostics. As a molecular forensics application, these references identify the circulating and problematic 1950s era field strains as the original HAdV-4 prototype and the Greider prototype, from which the vaccines are derived. Thus, they are useful for genomic comparisons to current epidemic and reemerging field strains, as well as leading to an understanding of pathoepidemiology among the human adenoviruses.

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“…Since then, disease outbreaks among trainee populations have recurred, including several deaths. (123,(125)(126)(127)(128) A replacement manufacturing line for adenovirus type 4 and type 7 vaccines will be submitted for …”

Section: Influenzamentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunization to Protect the U.S. Armed Forces: Heritage, Current Practice, Prospects

Greenwood¹,

Grabenstein²,

Pittman³

2005

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Public reporting burden for the collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to a penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. Prescribed by ANSI Std Z39-18 Immunization to Protect the U.S. Armed Forces 2 REPORT DATE Immunization to Protect the U.S. Armed Forces:Heritage, Current Practice, ProspectsImmunization protects the personal health of United States military personnel and maintains their mission readiness. The immunization program of the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) is broad-ranging, protecting the forces from an array of pathogenic threats. Because the active and reserve components of the U.S. DoD consist of over 2.2 million people at any given time, the program immunizes a significant percentage of the U.S. adult population.This article updates and expounds on previous reviews of the U.S. military immunization program, (1-7) discussing historical perspectives, the rationale for current immunization policies, and future prospects. Military immunization requirements often exceed those provided to civilian adults, because of the travel and other occupational hazards confronted by soldiers, marines, sailors, airmen, and coast guardsmen. Military immunization requirements are quite similar for each of the five Armed Forces (i.e., Army, Marine Corps, Navy, Air Force, Coast Guard). The requirements and recommendations are described in a joint immunization regulation, (8) summarized in table 1.Immunizations have both direct benefit to the recipient and indirect benefit to the people in the community the vaccinee resides in or works with (i.e., "herd immunity"). "Herd immunity" or "community immunity" results when a decreased number of susceptible people and the decreased excretion of infectious particles impairs disease transmission. In military settings, the indirect benefit takes on an additional dimension, insofar as an immunized service member is less likely to succumb to a disease that threatens his or her team's mission. By staying healthy, the immunized service member helps other team members accomplish their mission and return home safely. Due to both direct and indirect benefits, most U.S. military immunizations are required, rather than voluntary. Figures 1 and 2 illustrate records used to document immunizations of troops during World War II.Senior preventive-medicine officers from the five Armed Services develo...

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Reemergence of Adenovirus Type 4 Acute Respiratory Disease in Military Trainees: Report of an Outbreak during a Lapse in Vaccination

Cited by 87 publications

References 6 publications

Surveillance of Adenovirus Respiratory Infections in Children from Osaka, Japan

Surveillance of Adenovirus Respiratory Infections in Children from Osaka, Japan

Genomic and Bioinformatics Analyses of HAdV-4vac and HAdV-7vac, Two Human Adenovirus (HAdV) Strains That Constituted Original Prophylaxis against HAdV-Related Acute Respiratory Disease, a Reemerging Epidemic Disease

Immunization to Protect the U.S. Armed Forces: Heritage, Current Practice, Prospects

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