Reemergence of Canine<i>Echinococcus granulosus</i>Infection, Wales

Buishi, Imad; Walters, T. M. H.; Guildea, Z. E. S.; Craig, Philip S.; Palmer, S.R.

doi:10.3201/eid1104.040178

Cited by 59 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…A number of studies have also found that older dogs had a lower probability of positivity than younger dogs (Sharifi and Zia-Ali, 1996;Buishi et al, 2005a;Buishi et al, 2006;Acosta-Jamett et al, 2010a;Inangolet et al, 2010), which may suggest some degree of acquired immunity, or may indicate age-related variation in dog behaviour or management (Torgerson et al, 2003b;Torgerson, 2006a). A lack of knowledge about echinococcosis and a lack of recent praziquantel dosing have also been identified as associated with an increased probability of positivity (Buishi et al, 2005a;Buishi et al, 2005b;Huang et al, 2008;Acosta-Jamett et al, 2010a). …”

Section: Risk Factors For Echinococcosis In Domestic Animalsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Echinococcus granulosus: Epidemiology and state-of-the-art of diagnostics in animals

Craig

Mastin

Kesteren

et al. 2015

Veterinary Parasitology

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124

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Diagnosis and detection of Echinococcus granulosus (sensu lato) infection in animals is a prerequisite for epidemiological studies and surveillance of echinococcosis in endemic, re-emergent or emergent transmission zones. Advances in diagnostic approaches for definitive hosts and livestock, however, have not progressed equally over the last 20 years. Development of laboratory based diagnostics for canids using coproantigen ELISA and also coproPCR, have had a huge impact on epidemiological studies and more recently on surveillance during hydatid control programmes. In contrast, diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis (CE) in livestock still relies largely on conventional post-mortem inspection, despite a relatively low diagnostic sensitivity especially in early infections, as current serodiagnostics do not provide a sufficiently specific and sensitive practical pre-mortem alternative. As a result, testing of dog faecal samples by coproantigen ELISA, often combined with mass ultrasound screening programmes for human CE, has been the preferred approach for monitoring and surveillance in resource-poor endemic areas and during control schemes. In this article we review the current options and approaches for diagnosis of E. granulosus infection in definitive and animal intermediate hosts (including applications in non-domesticated species) and make conclusions and recommendations for further improvements in diagnosis for use in epidemiological studies and surveillance schemes.

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Section: Risk Factors For Echinococcosis In Domestic Animalsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Echinococcus granulosus: Epidemiology and state-of-the-art of diagnostics in animals

Craig

Mastin

Kesteren

et al. 2015

Veterinary Parasitology

Self Cite

124

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“…The number of dogs owned, frequency of contact with dogs, feeding of dogs with infected offal, allowing dogs to roam free, infrequent administration of praziquantel to dogs, and contaminated sources of drinking water have all been reported as possible risk factors for E. granulosus transmission [1,2,10]. The objective of this study was to describe the clinical features of hepatic and abdominal CE patients treated in referral hospitals in Dhaka, Bangladesh.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abdominal cystic echinococcosis in Bangladesh: a hospital-based study

Karim

Brunetti

Rahman

et al. 2015

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is reported from nearly all geographic areas of Bangladesh, but little information is available on its epidemiologic and clinical features. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical manifestations of hepatic and abdominal CE cases presenting to tertiary referral hospitals in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Methodology: A retrospective study was conducted via chart reviews of hepatic and abdominal CE patients under care at tertiary referral hospitals in Dhaka, Bangladesh, between 2002 and 2011. Age, sex, education level, occupation, urban versus rural residence, drinking water source, history of dog ownership, cyst type and location, and clinical manifestations were recorded for all patients. Results: Of the 130 patients enrolled, 92 (70.8%) were female and 38 (29.2%) were male. The majority of patients were from rural (76.2%) rather than urban (23.8%) areas. All cases were from the northern part of the country, with no cases reported from the south or southeast. Most patients were between 21 and 40 years of age. A total of 119 patients (91.5%) had cysts only in the liver, with the remaining 8.5% having cysts in both the liver and lungs or in the abdominal cavity. Seventy-six (58.5%) of the hepatic cysts were stage CE1, indicating recent infection. Conclusions: Active transmission of Echinococcus granulosus appears to be occurring in Bangladesh, as indicated by the high number of CE1 hepatic cysts seen at tertiary care hospitals. Community ultrasound screening studies are warranted to better define the distribution of cases and risk factors for parasite transmission.

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“…15 Human CE remains endemic in the UK, but incidence has dropped over the last 40 years, in part due to directed interventions in mid-Wales, but also because of improvements in sheep-dog management and wide availability of praziquantel-based dewormers. 7,16,17 Nevertheless, sporadic autochthonous human CE cases continue to occur both in the midWales endemic zone as well as occasionally in apparent low-risk regions of England including southwest counties. In 2011, there were 174 hunts listed in England and Wales with fox-hound numbers from 20 to .100.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%