Reemergence of Staphylococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome in Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota, during the 2000-2003 Surveillance Period

Schlievert, Patrick M.; Tripp, Timothy J.; Peterson, Marnie L.

doi:10.1128/jcm.42.6.2875-2876.2004

Cited by 72 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The last-named clonal group also accounted for the emergence of TSST-1 in 1972 and for that seen in association with high-absorbency tampons in 1975 (30). Today, the incidence of menstrual TSS, which is caused by TSST-1 at a rate of nearly 100%, is lower than it was in the early 1980s, when the USA200 strain was emerging (31, 32). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal and Racial Differences Associated with Atopic Dermatitis Staphylococcus aureus and Encoded Virulence Factors

Merriman

Mueller

Cahill

et al. 2016

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Monitoring pathogen emergence provides insight into how pathogens adapt in the human population. Secreted virulence factors, important contributors to infections, may differ in a manner dependent on the strain and host. Temporal changes of Staphylococcus aureus toxigenic potential, for example, in encoding toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1), contributed to an epidemic of TSS with significant health impact. This study monitored changes in atopic dermatitis (AD) S. aureus isolates and demonstrated both temporal and host infection differences according to host race based on secreted superantigen potential. The current temporal increase in enterotoxin gene cluster superantigen prevalence and lack of the gene encoding TSST-1 in AAs predict differences in infection types and presentations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal and Racial Differences Associated with Atopic Dermatitis Staphylococcus aureus and Encoded Virulence Factors

Merriman

Mueller

Cahill

et al. 2016

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“…Three SAgs are most associated with production of TSS: 1) menstrual TSS caused nearly exclusively by TSST-1; and 2) non-menstrual TSS caused by TSST-1, SEB, and SEC14, 22–25. These three SAgs typically are produced in the highest concentrations (of the SAgs) by S. aureus strains as tested in vitro, with amounts being produced in broth (planktonic) cultures often in the 5–50 μg/ml range.…”

Section: Superantigensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Secreted virulence factor comparison between methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus, and its relevance to atopic dermatitis

Schlievert¹,

Strandberg²,

Lin³

et al. 2010

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

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185

149

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Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) strains have emerged as serious health threats in the last 15 years. They are associated with large numbers of atopic dermatitis skin and soft tissue infections, but also originating from skin and mucous membranes, have the capacity to produce sepsis and highly fatal pulmonary infections characterized as necrotizing pneumonia, purpura fulminans, and post-viral TSS. This review is a discussion of the emergence of three major CA-MRSA organisms, designated CA-MRSA USA400, followed by USA300, and most recently USA200. CA-MRSA USA300 and USA400 isolates and their methicillin-sensitive counterparts (CA-MSSA) typically produce highly inflammatory cytolysins α-toxin, γ-toxin, δ-toxin (as representative of the phenol soluble modulin family of cytolysins), and Panton Valentine leukocidin. USA300 isolates produce the superantigens enterotoxin-like Q and a highly pyrogenic deletion variant of toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1), whereas USA400 isolates produce the superantigens staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) B or SEC. USA200 CA-MRSA isolates produce small amounts of cytolysins but produce high levels of TSST-1. In contrast, their MSSA counterparts produce various cytolysins, apparently in part dependent on niche occupied in the host, and levels of TSST-1 expressed. Significant differences seen in production of secreted virulence factors by CA-MRSA versus hospital-associated MRSA and CA-MSSA strains appear to be due to the need to specialize as the result of energy drains from both virulence factor production and methicillin-resistance.

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“…However, the patient met all other criteria for TSS. No pathogens other than S. aureus were grown, and the patient’s isolate produced SEB, a superantigen associated with non-menstrual TSS [3]. Finally, the patient’s serum prior to IVIG therapy contained low SEB antibodies, so the patient was serosusceptible.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Menstrual TSS occurs primarily in women using tampons [2] and is associated with the superantigen TSS toxin-1 (TSST-1) [3]. Non-menstrual TSS occurs in males and females initiated by any type of infection [4]; cases are associated with TSST-1 and staphylococcal enterotoxins B (SEB) and C [3]. …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Staphylococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome Erythroderma Is Associated with Superantigenicity and Hypersensitivity

John¹,

Niermann²,

Sharon³

et al. 2009

CLIN INFECT DIS

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Reemergence of Staphylococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome in Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota, during the 2000-2003 Surveillance Period

Cited by 72 publications

References 11 publications

Temporal and Racial Differences Associated with Atopic Dermatitis Staphylococcus aureus and Encoded Virulence Factors

Temporal and Racial Differences Associated with Atopic Dermatitis Staphylococcus aureus and Encoded Virulence Factors

Secreted virulence factor comparison between methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus, and its relevance to atopic dermatitis

Staphylococcal Toxic Shock Syndrome Erythroderma Is Associated with Superantigenicity and Hypersensitivity

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