Reentrant albedo proton fluxes measured by the PAMELA experiment

Adriani, O.; Barbarino, G. C.; Bazilevskaya, G. A.; Bellotti, R.; Boezio, M.; Bogomolov, É. A.; Bongi, M.; Bonvicini, V.; Bottai, S.; Bruno, A.; Cafagna, F.; Campana, D.; Carlson, P.; Casolino, M.; Castellini, G.; Donato, C. De; Santis, C. De; Simone, N. De; Felice, V. Di; Formato, V.; Galper, A. M.; Karelin, A. V.; Koldashov, S. V.; Koldobskiy, S.; Krutkov, S. Y.; Kvashnin, A. N.; Leonov, A.; Malakhov, V.; Marcelli, L.; Martucci, M.; Mayorov, A. G.; Menn, W.; Мерге, М.; Mikhailov, V. V.; Mocchiutti, E.; Monaco, A.; Mori, N.; Munini, R.; Osteria, G.; Palma, F.; Panico, B.; Papini, P.; Pearce, Mark; Picozza, P.; Ricci, M.; Ricciarini, S.; Sarkar, R.; Scotti, V.; Simon, M.; Sparvoli, R.; Спиллантини, П.; Stozhkov, Y. I.; Vacchi, A.; Vannuccini, E.; Vasilyev, G.; Voronov, S. A.; Yurkin, Y. T.; Zampa, G.; Zampa, N.

doi:10.1002/2015ja021019

Cited by 32 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Payload for Antimatter Matter Exploration and Light-nuclei Astrophysics (PAMELA)'s measurements of relatively quiet magnetospheric cutoffs can be found in publications [Adriani et al, 2015c]. In this work we present the measurement of the cutoff variability during the strong geomagnetic storm on 14 December 2006, the last large CME-driven storm of the 23rd solar cycle.…”

Section: Space Weathermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…PAMELA is providing comprehensive observations of the interplanetary [Adriani et al, 2013[Adriani et al, , 2015d and magnetospheric [Adriani et al, 2015b[Adriani et al, , 2015c radiation in the near-Earth environment. In particular, PAMELA is…”

Section: Space Weathermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using the spacecraft ephemeris data, and the particle rigidity and direction provided by the tracking system, trajectories of all selected protons were reconstructed in the Earth's magnetosphere by means of a tracing program based on Smart and Shea [2000] and implementing a realistic semiempirical description of internal and external geomagnetic field sources (see section 3.3.2). In order to discard geomagnetically trapped protons [Adriani et al, 2015b] and low-energy albedo protons [Adriani et al, 2015c] in the equatorial regions while saving significant computational time, only protons with rigidities higher than 10/L 3 GV were selected. Trajectories were back propagated from the measurement location until they escaped the model magnetosphere boundaries (interplanetary CRs) or they reached an altitude of 40 km (albedo CRs).…”

Section: Space Weathermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For each rigidity bin, a mean flux was obtained by averaging fluxes measured at latitudes higher than Λ min = cos −1 (R[GV]∕20) 1∕4∘ , and the cutoff latitude was evaluated as the latitude where the flux intensity is equal to the half of the average value. Λ min , employed to improve the statistics at high rigidities, represents a rigidity-dependent upper cutoff developed to avoid penumbral effects, and it was derived by using proton data acquired by PAMELA during relatively quiet geomagnetic conditions [Adriani et al, 2015c].…”

Section: Space Weathermentioning

confidence: 99%

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2016

Space Weather Quarterly

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Section: Space Weathermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Space Weathermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Space Weathermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Space Weathermentioning

confidence: 99%

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2016

Space Weather Quarterly

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“…The latter include both a short-lived component of protons precipitating into the atmosphere within a bounce period ( 1s), and a longlived (pseudo-trapped) component with rigidities near the geomagnetic cutoff (penumbra region), characterized by a chaotic motion (non-adiabatic trajectories). Further details, including distributions of lifetimes and production/absorption points on the atmosphere, can be found in [26].…”

Section: Pamela's Measurements Of Geomagnetically Trapped and Albedo mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pamela's Measurement of Geomagnetically Trapped and Albedo Protons

Bruno¹,

Adriani²,

Barbarino³

et al. 2016

Proceedings of the 34th International Cosmic Ray Conference — PoS(ICRC2015)

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Data from the PAMELA satellite experiment were used to perform a detailed measurement of under-cutoff protons at low Earth orbits. On the basis of a trajectory tracing approach using a realistic description of the magnetosphere, protons were classified into geomagnetically trapped and re-entrant albedo. The former include stably-trapped protons in the South Atlantic Anomaly, which were analyzed in the framework of the adiabatic theory, investigating energy spectra, spatial and angular distributions; results were compared with the predictions of the AP8 and the PSB97 empirical trapped models. The albedo protons were classified into quasi-trapped, concentrating in the magnetic equatorial region, and un-trapped, spreading over all latitudes and including both short-lived (precipitating) and long-lived (pseudo-trapped) components. Features of the penumbra region around the geomagnetic cutoff were investigated as well. PAMELA observations significantly improve the characterization of the high energy proton populations in near Earth orbits.

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AGILE as a particle detector: Magnetospheric measurements of 10–100 MeV electrons in L shells less than 1.2

et al. 2016

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We study the capability of the AGILE gamma ray space mission in detecting magnetospheric particles (mostly electrons) in the energy range 10–100 MeV. Our measurements focus on the inner magnetic shells with L0.3em≲0.3em1.2 in the magnetic equator. The instrument characteristics and a quasi‐equatorial orbit of ∼500 km altitude make it possible to address several important properties of the particle populations in the inner magnetosphere. We review the on board trigger logic and study the acceptance of the AGILE instrument for particle detection. We find that the AGILE effective geometric factor (acceptance) is R≃50 cm2 sr for particle energies in the range 10–100 MeV. Particle event reconstruction allows to determine the particle pitch angle with the local magnetic field with good accuracy. We obtain the pitch angle distributions for both the AGILE “pointing” phase (July 2007 to October 2009) and the “spinning” phase (November 2009 to present). In spinning mode, the whole range (0–180 degrees) is accessible every 7 min. We find a pitch angle distribution of the “dumbbell” type with a prominent depression near α = 90° which is typical of wave‐particle resonant scattering and precipitation in the inner magnetosphere. Most importantly, we show that AGILE is not affected by solar particle precipitation events in the magnetosphere. The satellite trajectory intersects magnetic shells in a quite narrow range ( 1.00.3em0.3em≲0.3em0.3emL0.3em0.3em≲0.3em0.3em1.2); AGILE then has a high exposure to a magnetospheric region potentially rich of interesting phenomena. The large particle acceptance in the 10–100 MeV range, the pitch angle determination capability, the L shell exposure, and the solar‐free background make AGILE a unique instrument for measuring steady and transient particle events in the inner magnetosphere.

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Reentrant albedo proton fluxes measured by the PAMELA experiment

Cited by 32 publications

References 33 publications

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Pamela's Measurement of Geomagnetically Trapped and Albedo Protons

AGILE as a particle detector: Magnetospheric measurements of 10–100 MeV electrons in L shells less than 1.2

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