Reentry

Posttraumatic stress disorder among U.S. Army reservists: Comment on Stretch.

“…The use of active military personnel as subjects in research on PTSD among Vietnam veterans produces methodological problems that, historically, have resulted in an underestimation of the clinical disorder (Figley, 1978). Studies previously using such samples (e.g., Borus, 1973;Worthington, 1976) found no significant differences on adjustment measures between Vietnam veterans and control subjects. Subsequent research has indicated that these results are clearly not generalizable to the population of Vietnam veterans (cf.…”

Combat exposure and the etiology of postdischarge substance abuse problems among Vietnam veterans

“…IT this assumption is made, then pcrsisting psychological symptoms must be explaincd by thc individual's psychopathology. This view of combat distress has becn described as a "strcss evaporation" model (Borus, 1973;Worthington, 1977). which cniph;isizcs that strcss reactions should disappear quickly aftcr the vetcran has returned home.…”

Incidence and Etiology of Post‐Traumatic Stress Disorder Among Active Duty Army Personnel1

“…Basic conclusions that can be drawn from this review of research on the mental health of Vietnam veterans are that (1) if one looks at Vietnam-Era veterans as a group, there do not appear to be any significant differences in comparison with nonveterans in most areas of interpersonal and intrapersonal adjustment (Borus, 1973a(Borus, , 1973b(Borus, , 1973c(Borus, , 1974Worthington, 1976Worthington, , 1978; (2) however, if one controls for either service in Vietnam in general, or combat experience in particular, then there is considerable evidence which suggests that veterans who experienced combat in Vietnam, when compared to Vietnam-Era veterans or nonveterans, exhibit significantly more negative (a) general and specific orientations toward violence (Brady and Rappoport, 1974), (b) psychological symptoms (Center for Policy Research, 1981;De-Fazio, Rustin, & Diamond, 1975;Figley& Southerly, 1980;Wilson, 1978), (c) indices of depression (Helzer et al, 1979), (d) political alienation (Pollock, White, & Gold, 1975;Wikler, 1974), and (e) adjustment problems (Center for Policy Research, 1981;Figley, 1978;Figley & Eisenhart, 1975;Figley & Southerly, 1980;Haley, 1978;Strayer & Ellenhorn, 1975;Stretch & Figley, 1984;Wilson, 1978).…”