Introduction One of the responsibilities of government is to deliver high-quality relevant services that meet the needs of citizens, communities, businesses, and other organisations. To do so, national governments have started to modernise their service offerings by introducing alternative delivery systems, inviting the independent sector to contribute to service provisions, and by enhancing their eGovernment capabilities, to mention a couple. This move has been accompanied by the development of sophisticated schemes to monitor and oversee how well the services are delivered. Given that, in most industrialised economies, public sector current expenditure represents between 35% and 50% (in the case of the UK, 38.5%) of gross domestic product (GDP), and that prosperous states in particular have come under increasing fiscal pressure to cut their spending, the desire by policy makers (and tax payers) to evaluate what the public money buys is comprehensible, if not obligatory, to establish accountability. Oversight has a long tradition in many countries and refers to scrutiny and steering from some point`above' or`outside' the individuals or organisations assessed. Traditionally, scrutiny has been effectuated by law courts or elected legislatures, but increasing