Referees' Decision Making in Handball and Transgressive Behaviors: Influence of Stereotypes About Gender of Players?

Souchon, Nicolas; Coulomb-Cabagno, Geneviève; Traclet, Alan; Rascle, Olivier

doi:10.1023/b:sers.0000049233.28353.f0

Cited by 35 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…An organized attack begins at the moment a player in possession of the ball finds himself behind a line of at least four opposing defenders. These attacks make up the greater part of the game (Souchon et al, 2004).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More relevant to our hypothesis, these researchers also found that male referees more frequently gave the ball back to the victim of aggressive behaviors in female games than in male games. An additional experimental study also revealed that referees gave disciplinary punishments more frequently when fouls were made by women than by men (Souchon et al, 2004, Study 2). Thus, referees applied the rules of the game differently according to the gender of the players in the game.…”

Section: Understanding the Context: Officiating In Team Sportsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Referees' Decision Making about Transgressions: The Influence of Player Gender at the Highest National Level

Souchon

Cabagno

Rascle

et al. 2009

Psychology of Women Quarterly

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Prior research has found that referees are harsher toward sporting offenses in regional-level matches between women than in regional-level matches between men. We tested whether this bias also occurs at a higher, national level of competition, despite the greater pressures for objectivity and fairness at this level. Referees' decisions were examined in 15 national-level handball matches between women and 15 national-level handball matches between men after transgressions that varied in severity. The results suggest that referees made harsher decisions in female than in male matches. Although more research is needed, this study supported the hypothesis that referees may use the gender of players as a powerful judgmental heuristic for deciding how to respond to aggression.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Understanding the Context: Officiating In Team Sportsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Referees' Decision Making about Transgressions: The Influence of Player Gender at the Highest National Level

Souchon

Cabagno

Rascle

et al. 2009

Psychology of Women Quarterly

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show abstract

“…Gender has been examined in some officiating research, but the focus of these studies have been primarily on male officials' calls in relation to the gender of athletes they are officiating. For example, in two studies on elite level French handball players, Souchon et al (2004) found that while male handball players were more aggressive than their female counterparts, the male referees in the sample penalized females more than males. A follow-up study using French soccer referees as the population, yielded similar results (Coulomb-Cabagno et al 2005).…”

Section: Lack Of Mutual Respectmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Experience of Former Women Officials and the Impact on the Sporting Community

2014

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In an effort to explore the shortage of female sport officials, the authors examined the experience of eight former female basketball officials from five geographically diverse states in the U.S. who voluntarily left the role. Specifically, the authors asked former female basketball officials to describe their workplace experiences. Utilizing a phenomenological approach and workplace incivility framework, the results indicated that the felt social inequity for female officials detracted from the participants experiencing a sense of community in the workplace, which ultimately led to their discontinuation in the role. Results indicate four key factors that created this uncivil work environment. An examination of the data revealed four major themes. Specifically the female basketball officials reported experiencing a Lack of Mutual Respect from male counterparts; Perceived Inequity of Policies; a Lack of Role Modeling and Mentoring forand from female officials; and experiencing more Gendered Abuse than did their male counterparts. The combination of these four factors exacerbated the female officials' inability to connect to the officiating community and led to their withdrawal from the role. The results further indicate that women officials likely threatened the hegemonic characteristics of a sport setting. Although females have made great strides in terms of sport participation, the practical implications of this research suggest that understanding females in workplace roles, such as officiating, is vital if social equity is to be achieved in the sporting community.

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“…Furthermore, the gender stereotype in favor of males is pervasive in physical activities and sport. It was found operant among competitive females (Chalabaev et al 2008a), physical education teachers (Chalabaev et al 2009b), undergraduate students (Chalabaev et al 2008b), referees (Souchon et al 2004), and junior high school girls (Chalabaev et al 2009a). Finally, other studies indicated that adolescent girls practicing a competitive masculine gendered sport were more likely to be higher in masculinity orientation than were dropout athletes and that adolescent girls with a feminine gender orientation were more inclined to drop out their participation (Guillet et al 2000;Guillet et al 2006).…”

Section: The Sport As a Masculine Gendered Social Context: A Glance Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Situational Malleability of Gender Schema: The Case of the Competitive Sport Context

Clément-Guillotin

Fontayne²

2010

Sex Roles

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International audienceIn this research we examined the situational malleability of gender schema and specifically the association between competitive sport and masculinity at the intraindividual level. Based on Deaux and Major's (1987) interactive assumption, we predicted that a competitive sport context would activate the masculine dimension in gender schema. Participants were 64 French undergraduate students who evaluated themselves on the Bem Sex Role Inventory in general, in a competitive sport context, and in a cinema context. In addition to femininity and masculinity scores in each context, response latencies were also collected. The results indicated that participants responded higher and faster on masculine items when the competitive sport context was presented, showing that this association is well anchored in gender schema

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Referees' Decision Making in Handball and Transgressive Behaviors: Influence of Stereotypes About Gender of Players?

Cited by 35 publications

References 17 publications

Referees' Decision Making about Transgressions: The Influence of Player Gender at the Highest National Level

Referees' Decision Making about Transgressions: The Influence of Player Gender at the Highest National Level

The Experience of Former Women Officials and the Impact on the Sporting Community

Situational Malleability of Gender Schema: The Case of the Competitive Sport Context

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