Reference applications for renewable heat

Abstract

There is a high degree of freedom and flexibility in the way to integrate renewable process heat in industrial processes. Nearly in every industrial or commercial application various heat sinks can be found, which are suitable to be supplied by renewable heat, e.g. from solar thermal, heat pumps, biomass or others. But in contrast to conventional fossil fuel powered heating systems, most renewable heating technologies are more sensitive to the requirements defined by the specific demand of the industrial company. Fossil fuel-based systems benefit from their indifference to process temperatures in terms of energy efficiency, their flexibility with respect to part-load as well as on-off operation, and the fuel as a (unlimited) chemical storage. In contrast, the required temperature and the temporal course of the heat demand over the year determine whether a certain regenerative heat generator is technically feasible at all or at least significantly influence parameters like efficiency or coverage rate.

Integration Concepts and Design Guidelines

“…Furthermore, the seasonality of the heat load demand only played a minor role in the estimation of the potential solar fraction in these studies so far. As shown in DA.1 [3], ambient temperature dependent heat demand can take a significant share of the overall heat demand within an industrial company. A study within Task 64/IV with 489 industrial companies showed that 60 % of the analyzed companies have enough roof area available to design the solar heating plant, according to VDI 3988 [4].…”

“…To find generally valid answers to the questions above, particular importance was paid to the definition of the applications to be studied. The methodology for defining the reference applications in Task 64/IV was published earlier [3].…”

Heat Load Profiles in Industry and the Tertiary Sector: Correlation with Electricity Consumption and Ex Post Modelling

“…Studies that analyze a broad database of industrial heat load profiles are also not available. As far as the authors are aware, they have presented the only studies that analyze at least a high three-digit number of load profiles of large industrial consumers [26][27][28]. The authors recently presented a comprehensive cluster and regression analysis of 797 industrial and commercial natural gas load profiles [26].…”