Reference curves for triceps and subscapular skinfold thicknesses in US children and adolescents

Addo, O Yaw; Himes, John H.

doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.28385

Cited by 161 publications

(151 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…A possible explanation for the differences among sexes may be that our data also showed that girls had higher obesity rates than boys (Pp0.001), which is consistent with most studies of preschool children. 35 Our study found that overall, 98.4 and 93.3% of the children met, respectively, the X3 h TPA and X1 h MVPA recommendations. On average, boys were more likely to achieve the recommendations than girls.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Physical activity guidelines and preschooler's obesity status

et al. 2013

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AIM:The benefits of promoting physical activity (PA) in counteracting the high prevalence of childhood obesity have become increasingly important in the past decade. The aim of this study was to examine the association between compliance of daily PA recommendations and the risk of being overweight or obese in preschool-aged children. METHODS: The sample comprised 607 children aged 4-6 years, recruited from kindergartens located in the metropolitan area of Porto, Portugal. Preschooler's body mass index was classified according to International Obesity Task Force. PA was assessed during 7 consecutive days by accelerometer. Children were classified as meeting or not meeting PA recommendations based on two guidelines: (i) at least 3 h per day of total PA (TPA); and (ii) at least 1 h per day of moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA). RESULTS: The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 23.5 and 10.6% in girls and 17.2 and 8.9% in boys. In all, 90.2 and 97.3% of girls met the X1 h MVPA and X3 h TPA recommendations, respectively. In all, 96.2 and 99.4% boys met the X1 h MVPA and X3 h TPA recommendations, respectively. Boys were significantly more likely to achieve the X1 h MVPA and X3 h TPA recommendations than girls (Pp0.001). Not meeting the X1 h MVPA guideline was associated with obesity status (OR: 3.8; IC: 1.3-10.4), in girls, but not boys. No other statistically significant associations were found. DISCUSSION: These findings suggest that over 90% of children met the recommended guidelines. There is an association with low levels of MVPA and higher obesity status among preschool girls. Further, longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these data.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Physical activity guidelines and preschooler's obesity status

et al. 2013

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“…Figure 7 exemplarily demonstrates how the inclusion of overweight and obese children shifts the percentile values of waist circumference (especially in the higher percentile range) grossly upwards, indicating that the restriction of the sample to normal weight children was a logical decision. There are numerous national anthropometric reference values for WC, 18,[20][21][22][23][24]50 waist-to-height ratio, 51 skinfold thicknesses, 15,16,52 sum of skinfolds, 53 BFM 54,55 and FMI. 7,56 As these data are based on samples including underweight, overweight, as well as obese children, they cannot be directly compared with our results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Percentile reference values for anthropometric body composition indices in European children from the IDEFICS study

et al. 2014

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1,11 on behalf of the IDEFICS consortium INTRODUCTION:To characterise the nutritional status in children with obesity or wasting conditions, European anthropometric reference values for body composition measures beyond the body mass index (BMI) are needed. Differentiated assessment of body composition in children has long been hampered by the lack of appropriate references. OBJECTIVES: The aim of our study is to provide percentiles for body composition indices in normal weight European children, based on the IDEFICS cohort (Identification and prevention of Dietary-and lifestyle-induced health Effects in Children and infantS). METHODS: Overall 18 745 2.0-10.9-year-old children from eight countries participated in the study. Children classified as overweight/obese or underweight according to IOTF (N = 5915) were excluded from the analysis. Anthropometric measurements (BMI (N = 12 830); triceps, subscapular, fat mass and fat mass index (N = 11 845-11 901); biceps, suprailiac skinfolds, sum of skinfolds calculated from skinfold thicknesses (N = 8129-8205), neck circumference (N = 12 241); waist circumference and waist-to-height ratio (N = 12 381)) were analysed stratified by sex and smoothed 1st, 3rd, 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th, 97th and 99th percentile curves were calculated using GAMLSS. RESULTS: Percentile values of the most important anthropometric measures related to the degree of adiposity are depicted for European girls and boys. Age-and sex-specific differences were investigated for all measures. As an example, the 50th and 99th percentile values of waist circumference ranged from 50.7-59.2 cm and from 51.3-58.7 cm in 4.5-to < 5.0-year-old girls and boys, respectively, to 60.6-74.5 cm in girls and to 59.9-76.7 cm in boys at the age of 10.5-10.9 years. CONCLUSION: The presented percentile curves may aid a differentiated assessment of total and abdominal adiposity in European children.

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“…Therefore in order to delineate the direction of effect, anthropometric and adiposity measurements were compared to published population data. However, the British 1990 growth data is based on measurements collected from 1978-1990 [21] and the American skinfold thickness reference data on measurements from 1963-1994 [25]. Therefore, these data might not be representative of the current population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are no published British reference data for SFT or the derived fat percentage. Therefore, SFT zscores for age and sex were calculated using reference data obtained in the US National Health Examination Surveys and National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) from 1963-1994 [25]. For participants aged over 5 years, fat percentage z-scores for age and sex were calculated using reference data from NHANES 1999-2004 [26].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in childhood adiposity influence upper limb fracture site

Moon

Lim

Farmer

et al. 2015

Bone

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Introduction-Although it has been suggested that overweight and obese children have an increased risk of fracture, recent studies in post-menopausal women have shown that the relationship between obesity and fracture risk varies by fracture site. We therefore assessed whether adiposity and overweight/obesity prevalence differed by upper limb fracture site in children.Methods-Height, weight, BMI, triceps and subscapular skinfold thickness (SFT) were measured in children aged 3-18 years with an acute upper limb fracture. Data was compared across three fracture sites (hand, forearm and upper arm/shoulder [UA]), and to published reference data.Results-401 children (67.1% male, median age 11.71 years (range 3.54-17.27 years) participated. 34.2%, 50.6% and 15.2% had fractures of the hand, forearm and UA, respectively. Children with forearm fractures had higher weight, BMI and SFT z-scores than those with UA fractures (p<0.05 for all). SFT z-scores were also higher in children with forearm fractures compared to hand fractures, but children withor hand and UA fractures did not differ. Overweight and obesity prevalence was higher in children with forearm fractures (37.6%) than those with UA fractures (19.0%, p=0.009). This prevalence was also higher than the published United Kingdom Conclusion-Measurements of adiposity and the prevalence of overweight/obesity differ by fracture site in children, and in particular boys, with upper limb fractures. Europe PMC Funders Group

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Reference curves for triceps and subscapular skinfold thicknesses in US children and adolescents

Cited by 161 publications

References 27 publications

Physical activity guidelines and preschooler's obesity status

Physical activity guidelines and preschooler's obesity status

Percentile reference values for anthropometric body composition indices in European children from the IDEFICS study

Differences in childhood adiposity influence upper limb fracture site

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