Reference data on in vitro anatomy and indentation response of tissue layers of musculoskeletal extremities

Abstract

The skin, fat, and muscle of the musculoskeletal system provide essential support and protection to the human body. The interaction between individual layers and their composite structure dictate the body’s response during mechanical loading of extremity surfaces. Quantifying such interactions may improve surgical outcomes by enhancing surgical simulations with lifelike tissue characteristics. Recently, a comprehensive tissue thickness and anthropometric database of in vivo extremities was acquired using a load sensing instrumented ultrasound to enhance the fidelity of advancing surgical simulations. However detailed anatomy of tissue layers of musculoskeletal extremities was not captured. This study aims to supplement that database with an enhanced dataset of in vitro specimens that includes ultrasound imaging supported by motion tracking of the ultrasound probe and two additional full field imaging modalities (magnetic resonance and computed tomography). The additional imaging datasets can be used in conjunction with the ultrasound/force data for more comprehensive modeling of soft tissue mechanics. Researchers can also use the image modalities in isolation if anatomy of legs and arms is needed.

Reference tool kinematics-kinetics and tissue surface strain data during fundamental surgical acts

“…A related, but separate study using the same cadaveric donors was conducted prior to collection of this dataset 20,21 . The anatomical features of 9 cadaveric arms and legs were captured with computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance (MR) and ultrasound imaging.…”

“…Using the instrumented ultrasound, indentation response was captured in each of the anterior and posterior central regions of the upper and lower segments of the specimen specimen preparation. Prior to surgical tool experimentation, the specimen underwent CT, MR, and ultrasound imaging as part of a separate but related study 21 . Only the preparation details relevant to the current study will be described.…”

“…The specimen was then placed in a custom imaging platform to secure it in a fixed and anatomically neutral position throughout experimentation. After this step the CT, MR, and ultrasound imaging were performed (data available in Schimmoeller et al 20,21 ) and the specimen was re-frozen in all but two cases (SMULTIS011 and SMULTIS012), where instead the surgical tool experimentation was performed prior to re-freezing. In all other cases, the specimens were re-frozen and re-thawed at a later date with implanted 3D spherical markers intact.…”

“…Imaging, including CT and MRI, that correspond with these data are included with a previous dataset 20,21 . The records for surgical tool kinematics-kinetics and surface strain data 23 are provided here.…”

“…The digit following the donor ID indicates whether the specimen was tested on more than one occasion (always a -1 for this study). The 3-digit donor ID corresponds to the same donor ID of the previous dataset that includes the CT and MR images 21 . • Operation Name: A set of three abbreviations separated by two underscores.…”