Reference intervals and discrimination values of the Lanthony desaturated D-15 panel test in young to middle-aged Japanese army officials: the Okubo Color Study Report 1

Abstract

Purpose To better understand the reference values and adequate discrimination values of colour vision function with described quantitative systems for the Lanthony desaturated D-15 panel (D-15DS). Methods A total of 1042 Japanese male officials were interviewed and underwent testing using Ishihara pseudoisochromatic plates, standard pseudoisochromatic plates part 2, and the D-15DS. The FarnsworthMunsell (F-M) 100-hue test and the criteria of Verriest et al were used as definitive tests. Outcomes of the D-15DS were calculated using Bowman's Colour Confusion Index (CCI). The study design included two criteria. In criterion A, subjects with current or past ocular disease and a best-corrected visual acuity less than 0.7 on a decimal visual acuity chart were excluded. In criterion B, among subjects who satisfied criterion A, those who had a congenital colour sense anomaly were excluded. Results Overall, the 90th percentile (95th percentile) CCI values for criteria A and B in the worse eye were 1.70 (1.95) and 1.59 (1.73), respectively. In subjects satisfying criterion B, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.951 (95% confidence interval, 0.931-0.971). The CCI discrimination values of 1.52 or 1.63 showed 90.3% sensitivity and 90% specificity, or 71.5% sensitivity and 95% specificity, respectively, for discriminating acquired colour vision impairment (ACVI). ConclusionWe provided the 90th and 95th percentiles in a young to middle-aged healthy population. The CCI is in good agreement with the diagnosis of ACVI. Our results could be helpful for using D-15DS for screening purposes.

Factors associated with impaired color vision without retinopathy amongst people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study

“…This outcome contradicts the Okubo Study Report 1 and 2 in which ICV was associated with elevated LDL-C and systolic and diastolic blood pressures. However, the Okubo study included both healthy participants and those without T2DM and its cross-sectional method did not permit any observation of biochemical trend and progression of its participants clinical conditions [ 16 , 17 ]. In the SNDREAMS- II 3rd Report, HDL-C was higher in the non-ICV group [ 5 ].…”

Pigmentary retinopathy can indicate the presence of pathogenic LAMP2 variants even in somatic mosaic carriers with no additional signs of Danon disease

“…Macular architecture and BluePeak blue laser autofluorescence imaging were studied using SD‐OCT (Spectralis, Heidelberg Engineering GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany). Colour vision was assessed with Lanthony desaturated D‐15 test, more than one diametrical crossing was considered as abnormal (Shoji et al 2009).…”

Do type 2 diabetes patients without diabetic retinopathy or subjects with impaired fasting glucose have impaired colour vision? The Okubo Color Study Report

“…The study was reviewed by the National Defense Medical College (NDMC) Ethics Board to ensure that it met ethical guidelines, and all subjects provided written informed consent according to the Declaration of Helsinki, prior to participating in the study. The detailed design of the study has been previously described [12,13]. In brief, this study was a prevalence survey of colour vision impairment among male officials who were between 20 and 60 years of age and on active duty in the Japanese Self Defense Force (JSDF), Okubo Garrison, Kyoto, Japan.…”