Reference intervals for saliva analytes collected by a standardized method in a physically active population

Nunes, Lázaro Alessandro Soares; Brenzikofer, René; Macedo, Denise Vaz de

doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2011.09.012

Cited by 60 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Additionally, the production of SAA follows the variation of the circadian cycle, hence its lower levels in the early morning with peak values between 4 and 5 PM (39,45) . This implies that the influence of diet and circadian variation during the day should be contemplated when SAA is used in longitudinal studies (39,45) , always following the same sample collection schedule.…”

Section: Proteins and Enzymesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, specific salivary reference values are required, insofar as there is no significant correlation between the antioxidant capacity in saliva and plasma (45) .…”

Section: Non-protein Organic Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This type of stimulation results in aqueous saliva, with high volume, rich in electrolytes, low viscosity and low protein concentration (2) . Thus, it is important to consider the influence of the circadian cycle on some saliva constituents when interpreting results (45) .…”

Section: Functions and Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, negligible amounts of bilirubin, creatinine, glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides may be detected in the saliva from healthy individuals (52) . The salivary concentrations of urea (2.9 to 6.8 mmol/l) (52) and uric acid (0.07-32 mmol/l) (45) correspond to metabolic changes resulting from pathologies such as renal dysfunction and gout. In individuals with renal involvement, salivary concentrations of urea may rise dramatically (from 6.1 to 29.6 mmol/l), following plasma levels (8) .…”

Section: Non-protein Organic Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The lack of standardization in collection, analysis and expression of the results yielded in these studies encumbers the comparison among them (4) . SAA corresponds to approximately 40% to 50% of the total protein produced by the glands and released in the saliva (45) . It is synthesized chiefly by the parotid gland (80%) and is involved in the digestion of carbohydrates and oral mucosa immunity (33) .…”

Section: Proteins and Enzymesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Saliva as a diagnostic fluid in sports medicine: potential and limitations

Nunes¹,

Macedo²

2013

J. Bras. Patol. Med. Lab.

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The use of saliva in the diagnosis of pathologies and/or monitoring of athletes in competitions or trainings is an attractive alternative due to the fact that samples are easily obtained and it is mostly a less invasive method in comparison with venous blood collection. The saliva is a hypotonic fluid in relation to plasma, containing compounds produced in the salivary glands (immunoglobulin A [IgA] and α-amylase) as well as compounds diffused in the plasma (water, electrolytes, proteins, metabolites and hormones). It plays a pivotal role in the protection of oral mucosa against microbes and in food digestion. Its production and composition depend on the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system activity, whose antagonistic action may result in different saliva volumes with distinct ionic and protein profiles. The aim of this review was to present a critical analysis of the potential and limitations of saliva as a diagnostic tool in sports medicine. Although there are studies that have deployed it to monitor athletes in training and doping, the standardization of some preanalytical variables are still required, among which the following ones are worth mentioning: the accurate choice of collection system, which allows the easy quantification of volume with adequate sample recovery; well-defined collection schedules in accordance with the circadian variations of the analyte; prevention of sample contamination with blood from oral mucosa lesions. Another key point for its application in sports is the establishment of reference intervals for analytes quantified in the saliva, collected from a population that comprises healthy individual that exercise regularly and systematically, with physical activity progression.

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Section: Proteins and Enzymesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, specific salivary reference values are required, insofar as there is no significant correlation between the antioxidant capacity in saliva and plasma (45) .…”

Section: Non-protein Organic Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Functions and Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Non-protein Organic Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Proteins and Enzymesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Saliva as a diagnostic fluid in sports medicine: potential and limitations

Nunes¹,

Macedo²

2013

J. Bras. Patol. Med. Lab.

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Flexible Organic Electrochemical Transistors for Highly Selective Enzyme Biosensors and Used for Saliva Testing

et al. 2014

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Flexible organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) are successfully used as high-performance enzyme biosensors, such as uric acid (UA) and cholesterol sensors. The sensitivity and selectivity of the sensors can be simultaneously enhanced by co-modifying the gate electrodes with positively/negatively charged bilayer polymer films and enzymes. These OECT-based UA sensors are successfully utilized for non-invasive UA detection in human saliva.

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The use of bioluminescent enzyme bioassay for the analysis of human saliva: Advantages and disadvantages

Kolenchukova,

Dedora,

Stepanova

et al. 2024

Luminescence

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The purpose of the work was to find optimal conditions for bioluminescent enzymatic analysis of saliva (based on the use of NADH:FMN oxidoreductase + luciferase) and then to determine the biological effect of using bioluminescence assay of saliva to study the physiological state of the body under normal and pathological conditions. The saliva of snowboarders and students were studied in the “rest–training” model. The saliva of patients diagnosed with acute pharyngitis was examined in the “sick–healthy” model. Bioluminescence assay was performed with a lyophilized and immobilized bi‐enzyme system using cuvette, plate, and portable luminometers. The concentrations of secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) and cortisol were determined by enzyme immunoassay, and the total protein content was measured by spectrophotometric method. The activity of the bioluminescent system enzymes increased as the amount and volume of saliva in the sample was decreased. The cuvette and plate luminometers were sensitive to changes in the luminescence intensity in saliva assay. Luminescence intensity correlated with the concentrations of sIgA and cortisol. The integrated bioluminescent index for saliva was reduced in the “rest–training” model and increased in the “sick–healthy” model. Thus, the non‐invasive bioluminescent saliva analysis may be a promising tool for assessing the health of the population.

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Reference intervals for saliva analytes collected by a standardized method in a physically active population

Cited by 60 publications

References 32 publications

Saliva as a diagnostic fluid in sports medicine: potential and limitations

Saliva as a diagnostic fluid in sports medicine: potential and limitations

Flexible Organic Electrochemical Transistors for Highly Selective Enzyme Biosensors and Used for Saliva Testing

The use of bioluminescent enzyme bioassay for the analysis of human saliva: Advantages and disadvantages

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