Reference intervals for urinary catecholamines and metabolites from birth to adulthood

Automated mass spectrometric analysis of urinary free catecholamines using on-line solid phase extraction

“…Reference intervals in urine were 1-10 mol/mol, 10-50 mol/mol and 60-225 mol/mol creatinine for epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine, respectively. Correction of urinary outputs of catecholamines for creatinine excretion is commonly applied to obviate completeness of urine collection [20]. Reference values without creatinine correction are 15-104 nmol/24 h for epinephrine, 139-592 nmol/24 h for norepinephrine and 702-2803 nmol/24 h for dopamine.…”

Catecholamines and their O-methylated metabolites in vitreous humor in hypothermia cases

“…Clinical reference intervals of metanephrines and catecholamines in urine were obtained from clinical literature [11,12]. Cutoff levels discriminating hypothermia-related deaths and control cases were chosen according to the results of former investigations (adrenaline/ epinephrine: 40 nmol/mmol creatinine; metadrenaline/ metanephrine: 95 nmol/mmol creatinine).…”

A case of suicide by self-injection of adrenaline

“…The clinical reference intervals concerning free and total metanephrines in plasma, fractionated metanephrines in urine and urinary catecholamines were obtained from the clinical literature and were used to interpret the postmortem results [9,10]. Results obtained from vitreous analysis were interpreted using the clinical plasma reference values.…”