Reference Jet Fuels for Combustion Testing

Edwards, James T.

doi:10.2514/6.2017-0146

Cited by 126 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Furthermore the "best case" fuel (POSF10264) has a smaller liquid mass flux ratio than the "nominal case" fuel (POSF10325) and the "worst case" fuel (POSF10289). The trend indicates a faster evaporation as stated by Edwards [13]. As the error margins of the uncertainties in the fuel modelling are smaller than the differences between the reference fuels, it can be stated that those differences can be reliably distinguished.…”

Section: A Fuel Sensitivity For Droplet Evaporation In the E3e Combumentioning

confidence: 60%

“…The ability to reproduce the variability in great detail qualifies a model as fuel sensitive, which makes it capable of supporting decision making in the approval process. However, as calculations of this many different fuels, especially in a technial combustor test case, are far too expensive, three fuels chosen by the National Jet Fuels Combustion Program (NJFCP) [13] to represent the variability of jet fuels are used for this study: One fuel with a low flammability limit, low viscosity and low aromatic content (POSF10264, "best case"), one fuel with properties very close to the CRC Jet A-1 average properties (POSF10325, "nominal") and one fuel with high flammability/viscosity/aromatic properties (POSF10289, "worst case") [13]. They are displayed as crosses in Figure 2.…”

Section: A Phenomena Under Investigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fuel composition by mass fraction of fuel families. Crosses are NJFCP[13] fuels, boxes and whiskers represent the range of fuels from the CRC world fuel survey[12].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of the Comparability of Droplet Evaporation Fuel Sensitivities between a Unit Test Case and an Aviation Gas Turbine Combustor

Ruoff

Rauch

Clercq

et al. 2019

AIAA Scitech 2019 Forum

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Section: A Fuel Sensitivity For Droplet Evaporation In the E3e Combumentioning

confidence: 60%

Section: A Phenomena Under Investigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Assessment of the Comparability of Droplet Evaporation Fuel Sensitivities between a Unit Test Case and an Aviation Gas Turbine Combustor

Ruoff

Rauch

Clercq

et al. 2019

AIAA Scitech 2019 Forum

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…The fuels utilized here were the basis of the NJFCP to investigate a wide range of chemical and physical fuel characteristics. Edwards [21,22] contains explanations of the specified reference fuels. Table A1 of Appendix A contains property information about the fuels.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orthogonal Reference Surrogate Fuels for Operability Testing

2020

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The approval and evaluation process for sustainable aviation fuels (SAF) via ASTM D4054 is both cost- and volume-intensive, namely due to engine operability testing under severe conditions. Engine operability tests of combustor under figures of merit (FOM) limit phenomena are the fuel effects on lean blowout, high-altitude relight, and cold-start ignition. One method to increase confidence and reduce volume in tiered testing is to use surrogate fuels for manipulation of properties. Key fuel performance properties (surface tension, viscosity, density) for cold-start ignition was determined prior to this study. Prior work regarding this FOM has not considered the combination of these properties. A surface tension blending rule was validated and incorporated into the jet fuel blend optimizer (JudO). A generalized surrogate calculator for N-dimensional surrogate components and features was developed. Jet fuel surrogates developed in this study were a mixture of conventional and sustainable aviation fuels instead of pure components. These surrogates suggested to be tested in this study could illuminate near worst-case effects for sustainable aviation fuel in a given configuration/rig. With those scenarios tested, we can further understand the influence on the key properties relative to cold-start ignition. This work and supporting experimental evidence could potentially lower the barrier for SAF approval processes.

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“…[3] In contrast, cycloalkanes have similar combustion properties to isoalkanes, while providing increased density compared to acyclic hydrocarbons, and higher gravimetric heats of combustion compared to aromatic compounds. [2] Complex mixtures of these four types of hydrocarbons allow for the outstanding properties of conventional jet fuel (e. g., Jet-A), [4] including a freezing point below À 40°C, gravimetric net heat of combustion (NHOC) greater than 42.8 MJ kg À 1 , and kinematic viscosity below 8.0 mm 2 s À 1 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio‐Based Cycloalkanes: The Missing Link to High‐Performance Sustainable Jet Fuels

Muldoon

Harvey

2020

ChemSusChem

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David Glueck, with an emphasis on the synthesis of P-stereogenic phosphine ligands for asymmetric catalysis. He is currently a National Research Council (NRC) postdoctoral fellow with Dr. Benjamin Harvey at the Naval Air Warfare Center Weapons Division (NAWCWD) in China Lake, CA, USA. His research interests include the synthesis of small molecules with applications in fuels, materials, and catalysis. Benjamin G. Harvey received his Ph.D. in inorganic chemistry from the University of Utah, USA, in 2005, studying with Professor Richard D. Ernst. He is now a Senior Research Chemist at the Naval Air Warfare Center, Weapons Division located in China Lake, CA. His current research focuses on the utilization of bio-based substrates for the preparation of advanced materials and the development of hybrid synthetic routes that combine chemical catalysis with synthetic biology. Specific interests include advanced alternative fuels for jet, missile, and rocket propulsion, bio-based high-temperature thermosetting resins, biocomposites, lubricants, and green solvents.

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Reference Jet Fuels for Combustion Testing

Cited by 126 publications

References 22 publications

Assessment of the Comparability of Droplet Evaporation Fuel Sensitivities between a Unit Test Case and an Aviation Gas Turbine Combustor

Assessment of the Comparability of Droplet Evaporation Fuel Sensitivities between a Unit Test Case and an Aviation Gas Turbine Combustor

Orthogonal Reference Surrogate Fuels for Operability Testing

Bio‐Based Cycloalkanes: The Missing Link to High‐Performance Sustainable Jet Fuels

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