Reference ranges for lymphocyte subsets in adults from western India: Influence of sex, age and method of enumeration

Das, Bibhu Ranjan; Bhanushali, Aparna A.; Khadapkar, Rashmi; Jeswani, Kanchan D; Bhavsar, Mita; Dasgupta, Ajit K.

doi:10.4103/0019-5359.42725

Cited by 43 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Regarding CD8+ cells, the mean percentage in our series (22.5%) was lower than in other studies [7,23], the highest being 34% in Japan [7]. Accordingly, our normal CD4+/CD8+ ratio (2.28) was higher than in other series [3,4,15,23,24]. …”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

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Influence of Age, Gender and Lifestyle in Lymphocyte Subsets: Report from the Spanish Gait-2 Study

et al. 2012

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Introduction: Flow cytometry analysis of lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood is a common technique in diagnostic laboratories. Abnormal values have been identified in prevalent infections, autoimmune disorders and neoplastic diseases. Reference ranges for lymphocyte subsets of a healthy population from Spain are scarce. Methods: The study was performed on 319 healthy subjects, aged 4–88 years, from 709 individuals enrolled in the GAIT-2 Project (Genetic Analysis of Idiopathic Thrombophilia). Health status, age, sex, fertility, BMI and lifestyle (physical activity, cigarette smoking and ethanol intake) were assessed using standardized criteria. The percentage of lymphocyte subsets was determined using flow cytometry (Lymphogram™). Percentages of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD19+, CD3–CD56+, CD3+CD4–CD8– double-negative (DN) T cells, CD3+CD4+CD8+ double-positive T cells and the CD4+/CD8+ ratio were recorded for each case. Results: Children had a significantly higher percentage of CD19+ and DN cells than adults. Women had a significantly higher percentage of CD3+ and CD4+ and a lower percentage of natural killer cells than men. Increases in BMI were inversely associated with the percentage of DN cells. Physical activity increased the percentage of lymphocytes and DN cells. Alcohol consumers had a lower percentage of CD19+ and DN cells, and a higher percentage of CD4+. Conclusion: This study provides reference ranges for lymphocyte subsets of healthy children and adults in a Mediterranean population (Spain) and determines the influence of lifestyle factors on these values.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

“…The results from such studies, however, are highly diverse as populations differ in age, sex, ethnic origin and environmental setting [3,14,15]. Few studies consider the influence of lifestyle factors and fertility on the percentage of lymphocytes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Age, Gender and Lifestyle in Lymphocyte Subsets: Report from the Spanish Gait-2 Study

et al. 2012

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“…The mean expression of different lymphocyte subset CD markers in total population ( n = 222) was found to be comparable with the earlier studies, where reference ranges for different lymphocyte subset have been reported in healthy Indian population. [242526]…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunophenotyping of normal individuals classified on the basis of human dosha prakriti

Rotti¹,

Guruprasad²,

Nayak³

et al. 2014

J Ayurveda Integr Med

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Background:Human variations related to immune response and disease susceptibility is well-documented in Ayurveda. Prakriti (body constitution) is the basic constitution of an individual established at the time of birth and distinguishes variations, into three broad phenotype categories such as vata, pitta and kapha. Variation in immune response is often attributed to and measured from the difference in cluster differentiation (CD) markers expressed in lymphocytes. Currently, there are no reports available on the expression of CD markers related to prakriti.Objective:This is a pilot study performed to evaluate a panel of lymphocyte subset CD markers in dominant prakriti individuals.Materials and Methods:Immunophenotyping was carried out using whole blood from a total of healthy 222 subjects, who are grouped into kapha (n = 95), pitta (n = 57) and vata (n = 70) prakritis. CD markers such as CD3, CD4, CD8, CD14, CD25, CD56, CD69, CD71 and HLA-DR were analyzed using flow cytometry method. Differences between groups were analyzed using one-way ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multiple comparisons between groups were performed by Bonferroni or Mann-Whitney U test with corrections for type I error respectively. Significance was evaluated by ANOVA and Pearson's correlation.Results:We observed a significant difference (P < 0.05) in the expression of CD markers such as CD14 (monocytes), CD25 (activated B cells) and CD56 (Natural killer cells) between different prakriti groups. CD25 and CD56 expression was significantly higher in kapha prakriti samples than other prakriti groups. Similarly, slightly higher levels of CD14 were observed in pitta prakriti samples.Conclusion:Significant difference in the expression of CD14, CD25 and CD56 markers between three different prakriti is demonstrated. The increased level of CD25 and CD56 in kapha prakriti may indicate ability to elicit better immune response, which is in conformity with textual references in Ayurveda.

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“…The test sample is therefore reasonably representative. Lymphocyte count is higher in females than males,18 19 but racial groups may show different ratios and the relationship is complex. This study does not have the power to suggest a greater likelihood of SL in male patients with SAU.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lymphopenia as a predictor of sarcoidosis in patients with uveitis

2016

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Reference ranges for lymphocyte subsets in adults from western India: Influence of sex, age and method of enumeration

Cited by 43 publications

References 21 publications

Influence of Age, Gender and Lifestyle in Lymphocyte Subsets: Report from the Spanish Gait-2 Study

Influence of Age, Gender and Lifestyle in Lymphocyte Subsets: Report from the Spanish Gait-2 Study

Immunophenotyping of normal individuals classified on the basis of human dosha prakriti

Lymphopenia as a predictor of sarcoidosis in patients with uveitis

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