Reference Ranges for Some Biochemical Parameters in Adult Kenyans

Abstract

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Effects of HAART on the Integrity of the Liver and Kidney in HIV Patients at Coast Province General Hospital, Kenya

“…The patients' age, gender, body weight and size, nutrition and overall health status can play a role in how one experience drug's side effects (Pataki, 2006). Many other exotic factors such as occupation, altitude, race and distance from the ocean have been known to affect results (Waithaka et al, 2009). High risk for development of chronic kidney disease with HIV infection are black race, CD4 count < 200 cells/mm3, family history of CKD and presence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension or hepatitis C co-infection (Naicker and Fabian, 2010).…”

Comparative Renal Function Tests between HIV Patients on and not on Antiretrovirals and HIV Negative individuals at Nyeri Provincial General Hospital, Nyeri County, Kenya.

“…Renal derangements were classified as renal insufficiency based on elevated levels of urea and creatinine above the upper reference range and proteinuria of 1+ and above based on a urine dipstick. The levels of kidney analytes obtained were compared with published reference ranges obtained from a normalized population in Kenya (6). Data for kidney function were profiled based on HIV status, ARVs treatment status, patients' duration on ARVs, sex and age and imported into SPSS version 20.0 software.…”

Paediatric and Young Adults Reference Values for Renal, Cardiac and Pancreatic Function Tests for the Population of Taita Taveta County

“…The data was then uploaded to SPSS v.20 for determination of the quartiles and interquartile range. Outliers were determined using the procedure adopted by Waithaka et al [1]. A test of normality was also done [6].…”

“…They represent a defined group of individuals. When doing a follow up on patients, a clinician often uses a subject-based reference value to determine the progress made in the management of a pathological disorder [1]. To establish whether a patient has a certain pathological disorder however, group-base reference range is used in the interpretation of laboratory report.…”

“…Currently there are no established population based Kenyan reference limits for paediatric patients. The reference limits in use in Kenya are either borrowed from the textbooks and articles or insert literature from the kit manufacturers [1]. It is therefore recommended that each clinical chemistry laboratory establish its own paediatric reference range for biochemical parameters.…”