Reference values for lipid profile in Iranian children and adolescents: the CASPIAN-V study

Abstract

Background: We aimed to develop the age-and sex-specific reference values for lipid profile of Iranian pediatric population. Methods: Fasting lipid profiles of 3843 participants, aged 7 to 18 years, were extracted from a surveillance survey on Iranian children and adolescents living in 30 provinces across the country. Results: The mean (SD) age of participants was 12.3(3.1) years, and 52.3% of them were boys. Significant differences were observed between genders comparing the levels of triglyceride (TG) (P = 0.04), total cholesterol (TC) (P = 0.02), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) (P = 0.01), and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) (P = 0.03). In both genders, TG levels increased with age in the 75th and higher percentiles. Among boys, TC showed a decreasing trend at all percentiles and all age groups. In girls, TC levels increased with age at all percentiles except for the 75th and 90th percentiles. Among boys, the levels of LDL-C and HDL-C decreased with age in all percentiles. However, LDL-C and HDL-C concentrations increased up to the 50th percentile in girls and then decreased with age. The non-HDL-C level decreased in the 50th and higher percentiles among boys and in the 90th and 95th percentiles among girls. The TG/HDL-C ratio increased with age at all percentiles in boys. In girls, TG/HDL-C ratio increased with age in the 50th and higher percentiles. Conclusions: Based on the observed differences, it seems necessary to determine age-and sex-specific cut-off values for lipid parameters of children and adolescents in different populations.

Age-, Sex-, and Puberty-Associated Reference Intervals for Lipid Profile in Iranian Children and Adolescents

“…Te fndings of our study demonstrated that concentrations of TC, LDL, and non-HDL were signifcantly higher in girls compared to boys. Our observations of higher TC and LDL-C levels in girls compared with boys were similar to the HELENA study in the European adolescents [25]; a study of healthy Indian school children and adolescents [26], and the CASPIAN-V study [18], while Lopez et al did not observe any gender diferences in the Fuenlabrada study [27]. In Brazilian school children and adolescents, girls also had greater values of TC and LDL-C compared to boys [28].…”

“…Previously, two studies have reported the lipid reference values in Iranian children and adolescents [18,32]. In comparison with the CASPIAN-V study, the mean values of HDL in both genders, TC, non-HDL, and LDL in girls were higher and TG was lower in the present study.…”

“…Te diagnosis of children with dyslipidemia is notably essential for healthcare providers in establishing and releasing recommendations for the management and prevention of future CVD [18]. In the present study, we intended to provide reference intervals for lipid concentrations from a Kawar (a city south of Iran) cohort of healthy children and adolescents aged 9-18 years.…”

Reference Interval for Non-HDL-Cholesterol, Remnant Cholesterol and Other Lipid Parameters in the Southern Iranian Population; Findings From Bandare Kong and Fasa Cohort Studies

“…This is in agreement with other investigations. 12 , 23 Given the different effects of sex hormones on lipid and lipoprotein components, this observation could be ultimately construed. There are significant sex differences in lipid and lipoprotein metabolism that contribute to sex differences.…”

Triglycerides/high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol ratio in children with metabolic syndrome

“…Previous studies reported usefulness of this index in a range of values from 1.4 to 2.9 (Krawczyk et al 2018;Acosta-García and Concepción-Páez 2018;Behiry et al 2019;Özalp Kızılay et al 2019;Azizi-Soleiman et al 2020) in obese children from different parts of the world. The cut-off point of 2.4 found in our study is closer to the point reported in the Latin American population by Acosta et al (Acosta-García and Concepción-Páez 2018), which was 2.25, which suggests that genetics play an important role in the behavior of lipid metabolism from early stages of life.…”