Reference values for muscle strength: a systematic review with a descriptive meta-analysis

Benfica, Poliana do Amaral; Aguiar, Larissa Tavares; Brito, Sherindan Ayessa Ferreira de; Bernardino, Luane Helena Nunes; Teixeira-Salmela, Luci Fuscaldi; Faria, Christina Danielli Coelho de Morais

doi:10.1016/j.bjpt.2018.02.006

Cited by 53 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Hip abductor and hip extensor muscles can work together to affect postural reactions and are important for standing and walking [34]. A recent systematic review [23] highlighted a study by Andews at al [35] that utilised HHD to test lower-limb strength for males and females aged 50-79 years. Participant positioning for hip abduction strength testing was similar to the method we employed; however, matching for sex-and age-decade, our muscle strength values were approximately one-third lower than their maximum values for dominant or non-dominant sides.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lower-limb muscle strength: normative data from an observational population-based study

Pasco

Stuart

Holloway‐Kew

et al. 2020

BMC Musculoskelet Disord

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Background: The extent of muscle deterioration associated with ageing or disease can be quantified by comparison with appropriate reference data. The objective of this study is to present normative data for lower-limb muscle strength and quality for 573 males and 923 females aged 20-97 yr participating in the Geelong Osteoporosis Study in southeastern Australia. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, measures of muscle strength for hip flexors and hip abductors were obtained using a Nicholas manual muscle tester, a hand-held dynamometer (HHD; kg). Leg lean mass was measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA; kg), and muscle quality calculated as strength/mass (N/kg). Results: For both sexes, muscle strength and quality decreased with advancing age. Age explained 12.9-25.3% of the variance in muscle strength in males, and 20.8-24.6% in females; age explained less of the variance in muscle quality. Means and standard deviations for muscle strength and quality for each muscle group are reported by agedecade for each sex, and cutpoints equivalent to T-scores of − 2.0 and − 1.0 were derived using data from young males (n = 89) and females (n = 148) aged 20-39 years. Conclusions: These data will be useful for quantifying the extent of dynapenia and poor muscle quality among adults in the general population in the face of frailty, sarcopenia and other age-related muscle dysfunction.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, assessment of lower limb strength offers an alternative when handgrip strength is not feasible due to hand disability. A role for measuring lower-limb muscle strength in geriatric assessment needs the support of appropriate normative data for quantifying deficits, but there are few published for the lower-limb [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lower-limb muscle strength: normative data from an observational population-based study

Pasco

Stuart

Holloway‐Kew

et al. 2020

BMC Musculoskelet Disord

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“…In the obese group, the values were 256.2 N and 261.1 N, respectively. In a literature review, Ben ca et al [42] describes hip abductor muscle strength values, in individuals between 50 and 59 years old, as being 208.12 N for dominant limb and 203.27 N for non-dominant limb in women, and 305.97 N for dominant limb and 298.49 N for non-dominant limb in men. In the present study, this variation in the measurements can be explained by the age differences between the analyzed samples, gender variations, and differences related to the measurement technique.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the gluteus medius strength between obese and eutrophic individuals: a cross-sectional study

Fenato

Araujo

Guimarães

2020

Preprint

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Background: The hip abductor muscles play an important role in stabilizing the pelvis during gait, with its main function being performed by the gluteus medius. Gluteus medius insufficiency is associated with biomechanical alterations and musculoskeletal disorders. Due to being overweight and a possible muscle mass decrease, maintaining the abductor muscular function can be a great challenge for the obese. However, it is still unclear whether the musculature of obese individuals manages to compensate for these alterations. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the gluteus medius strength between obese and normal weight individuals using a digital hand-held dynamometer.Methods: Twenty-five obese (BMI > 35 kg / m2) participated in the study, being matched in gender, age, and height with normal weight individuals. The gluteus medius strength was measured by a single examiner using a belt-stabilized hand-held digital dynamometer on the knee of individuals positioned in lateral decubitus. Three measurements were recorded with rest intervals, considering only the highest value measured for each limb for analysis. The difference between pairs was calculated and the data distribution pattern was assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test (p < 0.05), and the matrices of the variables were standardized and analyzed using the principal component analysis (PCA).Results: For the strength variables (Newtons) on both sides, no statistical differences were detected between the groups (p > 0.05). However, statistical differences were detected in these variables between the groups (p < 0.05) when normalizing the measurements in relation to individuals' weights (Newtons / kilograms). The PCA indicates that both strength in absolute values and normalized by weight are reduced in obese individuals.Conclusions: These findings indicate that obese individuals have the same or lower strength (PCA) to move more mass, which may suggest a relative weakness that induces functional limitation.Trial registration: The study was approved by the UNIOESTE Human Research Ethics Committee (#1.180.202) in July 2015.

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“…In a literature review, Ben ca et al [38] reported the hip abductor muscle strength values in individuals aged between 50 and 59 years old to be 208.12 N for the dominant limb and 203.27 N for the nondominant limb in women and 305.97 N for the dominant limb and 298.49 N for non-dominant limbs in men. In the present study, this variation in the measurements can be explained by the age differences among the individuals included in the analysis, differences in sex, and differences related to the measurement technique.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Obese individuals who were beginning ambulatory follow-ups at the Obesity and Bariatric Surgery Service in the Western Paraná University Hospital (Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil) were included in the study. These individuals were of both sexes, were aged 20 to 60 years old, had grade II and III obesity, and had a body mass index (BMI) higher than 35 kg/m 2 [37,38]. The exclusion criteria were pregnancy, an orthopaedic disease of the lower limbs, locomotor system pain or sequelae, paresthesia or weakness in the lower limbs, orthostatic or walking pain, heart disease, or other diseases with restricted functional capacity.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of gluteus medius strength between obese and eutrophic individuals: a cross-sectional study

Fenato

Araujo

Guimarães

2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: The hip abductor muscles, primarily the gluteus medius, play an important role in stabilizing the pelvis during gait. Gluteus medius weakness is associated with biomechanical changes and musculoskeletal disorders. Obese individuals can have great difficulty maintaining abductor muscular function due to being overweight and possibly experiencing a decrease in muscle mass. However, it is still unclear whether the musculature of obese individuals can compensate for these changes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare gluteus medius strength between obese and normal-weight individuals using a digital hand-held dynamometer.Methods: Twenty-five obese (BMI > 35 kg/m2) participants were matched for sex, age, and height with normal-weight individuals. Gluteus medius strength was measured by a single examiner using a belt-stabilized hand-held digital dynamometer placed on the knee of the individuals positioned in lateral decubitus. Three measurements were recorded with rest intervals, and only the highest value measured for each limb was used for analysis. The differences between pairs were calculated, and the normality of the data was assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test (p < 0.05). The matrices of the variables were standardized and analysed using principal component analysis (PCA).Results: For the strength variables (Newtons) on both sides, no significant differences were detected between the groups (p > 0.05). However, significant differences were detected in these variables between the groups (p < 0.05) when the measurements were normalized to body weight (Newtons/kilograms). PCA indicated that both the absolute and normalized values of strength are lower in obese than in normal-weight individuals.Conclusions: These findings indicate that obese individuals have the same or less strength (PCA) to move more mass, which may suggest a relative weakness that induces functional limitations.Trial registration: The study was approved by the UNIOESTE Human Research Ethics Committee (#1.180.202) in July 2015.

show abstract

Reference values for muscle strength: a systematic review with a descriptive meta-analysis

Cited by 53 publications

References 71 publications

Lower-limb muscle strength: normative data from an observational population-based study

Lower-limb muscle strength: normative data from an observational population-based study

Comparison of the gluteus medius strength between obese and eutrophic individuals: a cross-sectional study

Comparison of gluteus medius strength between obese and eutrophic individuals: a cross-sectional study

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