Reference Values of Body Composition for Adult Females Who Are Classified as Normal Weight, Overweight or Obese According to Body Mass Index

Abstract

The aim of this study was to establish reference values for body composition as measured by Bioelectrical Impedance Analyser (BIA) in adult females without any endocrinological and/or metabolic disorders, according to their body mass index (BMI) grouped as normal, overweight, obese and morbid obese. Patients and Methods. This study was performed in a total of 327 adult females. In addition to the estimation of their body weight, height, waist and hip circumference, their body composition was measured by BIA. The results were statistically evaluated by a computer program usig ANO-VA test. Results. Together with the increase of BMI also the percentage of body fat and basal metabolism (BM) increased significantly, while the percentage of body water, fat free mass as well as lean/ fat ratio showed a significant decrease. In addition, waist and hip ratio, percentage of body fat and BM showed a significant positive corelation with BMI. Conclusion. These results are recommended to be used as reference values for the studies on body composition, especially to predict the degree of body fatness of obese patients and also nutritional status of patients who need nutritional supports.

Differences in the body composition and biochemistry in women grouped as normal-weight, overweight and obese according to body mass index and their relation with cardiometabolic risk

“…In our study, the percentage of body fat in overweight group (33.35%±5.85) was appropriate to obese group according to the reference values that we got from another study [26]. In addition, according to IDF diagnostic criteria, central obesity is considered since the average value of waist circumference is ≥80 cm.…”

Critical Appraisal of Data Acquisition in Body Composition: Evaluation of Methods, Techniques and Technologies on the Anatomical Tissue-System Level

“…Consequently the ratio of muscle mass to total body AT mass was found to be significantly higher in males compared to females. The observation that BMI is significantly and inversely related to the ratio of muscle to total body AT mass for both sexes in the present study, might validate the association of BMI with the lean/fat ratio as determined by BIA (Ozenoglu et al, 2009). It has to be pointed out that the significant inverse relationship between BMI and the measures of muscle mass distribution in this sample may result from the high muscle tissue proportions of the individuals classified as underweight.…”

The impact of obesity on suicidality among female patients suffering from bipolar affective disorder: the indirect role of body dissatisfaction

“…The importance of being accepted by others and preoccupation with body appearance are particularly significant among women, and women in our milieu, similar to those from the Western cultural sphere, are fascinated by the ideal figure of a woman that constitutes the contemporary ideal of beauty and that comprises the attributes of attractiveness, health, sex appeal and societal success. The impact of the media is very significant and, surrounded by models and film stars, women set for themselves goals that are physiologically impossible [39][40][41][42]44]. Obese people often experience discrimination, are rejected by society, are unattractive to others, or themselves make this assessment of the opinions of others, all based upon a favored standard of body appearance [38,42,47].…”

“…The impact of the media is very significant and, surrounded by models and film stars, women set for themselves goals that are physiologically impossible [39][40][41][42]44]. Obese people often experience discrimination, are rejected by society, are unattractive to others, or themselves make this assessment of the opinions of others, all based upon a favored standard of body appearance [38,42,47]. Body image is the way in which people experience themselves but, equally importantly, it is also the way they believe others perceive them [36,40,42].…”

“…The cultural environment and its common definitions of what is desirable and attractive play a significant role in the devel-opment of body image. A person's body image includes their perception of cultural standards, an evaluation of the measure in which they are consistent with standards, and a perception of the importance of membership in a cultural group and of one's place within it [40][41][42]. Numerous studies have shown that the impact of body image on self-concept is greater among women than among men.…”