References for growth and pubertal development from birth to 21 years in Flanders, Belgium

Roelants, Mathieu; Hauspie, Roland; Hoppenbrouwers, Karel

doi:10.1080/03014460903049074

Cited by 248 publications

(118 citation statements)

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“…These values are in accordance with the standard growth curves of the general Flemish population (Roelants et al, 2009); that is, for the age class 14-15 years, the median of the Flemish population lies between stage 4 and 5 for genital development (G4-G5) and pubic hair development (G4-G5) in boys and at stage 5 for breast (B5) and pubic hair (P5) development in girls.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…In boys, genital (stages G1-G5) and pubic hair (P1-P5) development was assessed; in girls, breast (B1-B5) and pubic hair (P1-P5) development were scored. Shortly before the biomonitoring study was conducted, all school doctors had received a re-training for the assessment of pubertal development since new Flemish growth curves were developed in the period (Roelants et al, 2009). For boys, as their sexual development is slower and as stages 2 and 3 can be distinguished more reliably than stages 3 and 4, reaching stage 3 was used as a benchmark for male sexual development.…”

Section: Data On Sexual Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Internal exposure to pollutants and sexual maturation in Flemish adolescents

Hond

Dhooge

Bruckers

et al. 2010

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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Flanders is densely populated with much industry and intensive farming. Sexual maturation of adolescents (aged 14-15 years) was studied in relation to internal exposure to pollutants. Serum levels of pollutants and sex hormones were measured in 1679 participants selected as a random sample of the adolescents residing in the study areas. Data on sexual development were obtained from the medical school examination files. Self-assessment questionnaires provided information on health, use of medication and lifestyle factors. In boys, serum levels of hexachlorobenzene (HCB), p,p 0 -DDE and polychlorinated biphenyls (sum of marker PCB138, 153 and 180) were significantly and positively associated with pubertal staging (pubic hair and genital development). Higher levels of serum HCB and blood lead were associated with, respectively, a lower and a higher risk of gynecomastia. In girls, significant and negative associations were detected between blood lead and pubic hair development; higher exposure to PCBs was significantly associated with a delay in timing of menarche. Environmental exposures to pollutants at levels actually present in the Flemish population are associated with measurable effects on pubertal development. However, further understanding of toxic mode of action and sensitive windows of exposure is needed to explain the current findings.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Data On Sexual Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Internal exposure to pollutants and sexual maturation in Flemish adolescents

Hond

Dhooge

Bruckers

et al. 2010

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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“…The lower baseline LH at baseline is possibly due to the use of progestagens, but bone turnover and bone parameters at baseline were similar compared with those who did not used this treatment. Further, trans men were significantly shorter than control women and female Belgian standards (mean height for Belgian women: 166.6 cm) (46). This difference has been previously reported, though its origin and significance are unknown (47).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Body composition, bone turnover, and bone mass in trans men during testosterone treatment: 1-year follow-up data from a prospective case–controlled study (ENIGI)

Caenegem

Wierckx

Taes

et al. 2015

European Journal of Endocrinology

130

106

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Purpose: To assess the evolution of body composition and bone metabolism in trans men during the first year of cross-sex hormonal therapy. Methods: In a prospective controlled study, we included 23 trans men (female-to-male trans persons) and 23 age-matched control women. In both groups, we examined grip strength (hand dynamometer), biochemical markers of bone turnover (C-terminal telopeptides of type 1 collagen (CTX) and procollagen 1 aminoterminal propeptide (P1NP)), total body fat and lean mass, and areal bone mineral density (aBMD) by dual-X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and fat and muscle area at the forearm and calf, bone geometry, and volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) by peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT), before treatment and after 1 year of treatment with undecanoate (1000 mg i.m./12 weeks). Results: Before hormonal treatment, trans men had similar bone and body composition compared with control women. Testosterone treatment induced in trans men a gain in muscle mass (C10.4%) and strength and loss of fat mass (K9.7%) (all P!0.001) and increased the levels of P1NP and CTX (both P!0.01). Areal and volumetric bone parameters remained largely unchanged apart from a small increase in trabecular vBMD at the distal radius and in BMD at the total hip in trans men (PZ0.036 and PZ0.001 respectively). None of these changes were observed in the control group. Conclusions: Short-term testosterone treatment in trans men increased muscle mass and bone turnover. The latter may rather reflect an anabolic effect of testosterone treatment rather than bone loss.

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“…2 are shown the species-related differences in relative duration of the prepubertal latency (from birth to puberty) when calculated as a percentage of lifespan for comparison purposes. Ewe (Foster et al, 1985), rat (Maeda et al, 2000) and quail (Ottinger et al, 2003) start puberty after a latency accounting for 4.8-5.7% of the lifespan as opposed to 16.3% in humans (Roelants et al, 2009) and 22.5% in baboons (Onyango et al, 2013) that is about 3-4 times longer than in non-primate species. Another less emphasized species-related difference is the variance of pubertal timing among individuals.…”

Section: Pubertal Timing and Preceding Life Periods Across Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental variations in environmental influences including endocrine disruptors on pubertal timing and neuroendocrine control: Revision of human observations and mechanistic insight from rodents

Parent

Franssen

Fudvoye

et al. 2015

Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology

160

140

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Puberty presents remarkable individual differences in timing reaching over 5 years in humans. We put emphasis on the two edges of the age distribution of pubertal signs in humans and point to an extended distribution towards earliness for initial pubertal stages and towards lateness for final pubertal stages. Such distortion of distribution is a recent phenomenon. This suggests changing environmental influences including the possible role of nutrition, stress and endocrine disruptors. Our ability to assess neuroendocrine effects and mechanisms is very limited in humans. Using the rodent as a model, we examine the impact of environmental factors on the individual variations in pubertal timing and the possible underlying mechanisms. The capacity of environmental factors to shape functioning of the neuroendocrine system is thought to be maximal during fetal and early postnatal life and possibly less important when approaching the time of onset of puberty.

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References for growth and pubertal development from birth to 21 years in Flanders, Belgium

Cited by 248 publications

References 0 publications

Internal exposure to pollutants and sexual maturation in Flemish adolescents

Internal exposure to pollutants and sexual maturation in Flemish adolescents

Body composition, bone turnover, and bone mass in trans men during testosterone treatment: 1-year follow-up data from a prospective case–controlled study (ENIGI)

Developmental variations in environmental influences including endocrine disruptors on pubertal timing and neuroendocrine control: Revision of human observations and mechanistic insight from rodents

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