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Swaine, Dalway J.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-408-03309-1.50016-2

Cited by 29 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 568 publications

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“…Thus, it does not yet appear possible to make reliable estimates of the amounts of trace elements adsorbed on particles resulting from coal-fired combustion, *The abbreviation t/yr means metric tons per year; a metric ton (tonne) is 1,000 kg. (A short ton [2,000 lbl is indicated by "T.") especially with respect to Hg, despite the assertions of Diehl et al (1972) and Swaine (1977) (Section 3.2.11).…”

Section: Effects Of Combustion On the Trace Elements In Coalmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Despite the generally held finding that Hg is primarily discharged to the atmosphere as a vapor upon the combustion of coal, Diehl et al (.1972) and Swaine (1977) have reported varying amounts of Hg in fly ash. This occurrence may be the result of longer residence times and/or system recycling in advanced technology configurations.…”

Section: Important Natural Sources Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Air toxic emissions from the combustion of coal: Identifying and quantifying hazardous air pollutants from US coals

Szpunar¹

1992

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Thisreport addresses thekey airtoxic emissions likely toemanatefrom continued and expandeduse ofdomestic coal.Itidentifies and quantifies thosetrace elements specified intheU.S.1990CleanAirAct Amendments, by tabulating selected characterization data on varioussourcecoalsby region,state, and rank. On the basisof measurements by various researchers, this report also identifies thoseorganic compoundslikely tobe derived fromthecoal combustion process (although their formation ishighly dependenton specific boiler confip ._-z:si_ns and operating condition.s). 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 STUDY RATIONALE Significant changes are expected in the regulation of hazardous air pollutants (HAPs), changes caused primarily by Title III of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) and secondarily by Section l12(b) of the Clean Air Act (CAA), as amended in 1990 (U.S. Congress 1990). The CAA requires the regulation of 189 HAPs (later changed to 188 with the exclusion of hydrogen sulfide, H2S), although not all are considered significant for the generation of electricity. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is required by the 1990 CAAA to promulgate rules for all "major" sources of any of these HAPs. According tu the Hazardous Air Pollutants section of the new Title III, any stationary source emitting 10 tons* per year (TPY) of one HAP or 25 TPY of a combination of HAPs will be considered and designated a major source. In contrast to the original National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP), which were designed to protect public health to "an ample margin of safety," the new Title III, in its first phase, will regulate by industrial category those sources emitting HAPs in excess of the 10/25-TPY threshold levels, regardless of health risks. *The word "ton," abbreviated "T," means a short ton or 2,000 lb. The short ton is used as the unit of measure (rather than the metric ton = 103 kg) unless otherwise noted.

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Section: Effects Of Combustion On the Trace Elements In Coalmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Important Natural Sources Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air toxic emissions from the combustion of coal: Identifying and quantifying hazardous air pollutants from US coals

Szpunar¹

1992

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Molybdenum, Silver, Thallium and Vanadium

Evans

Barabash

2010

Trace Elements in Soils

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Halide removal from coal‐derived syngas: review and thermodynamic considerations

Dolan

Ilyushechkin

McLennan

et al. 2011

Asia-Pacific J Chem Eng

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Halide species are one of the most abundant and damaging impurities in syngas derived from coal. Aside from environmental concerns, halides can cause irreversible damage to downstream processes such as particulate filters, catalysts, gas separation membranes, fuel cells and turbines. The current trend towards high‐temperature, dry gas cleaning is making solid sorbents increasingly favourable, and sorbent development must take into consideration the chemical, physical, efficiency and economic aspects of sorbent performance. This article reviews the origins of halides in coals, cleaning requirements and efforts to develop solid sorbents for halide removal for gasification processes. Most research effort to date has concerned (1) the performance and optimization of basic sorbents such as calcium and sodium carbonate and (2) determining the tolerances of catalysts, filters, fuel cells and other plant components to halide impurities. In addition, thermodynamic calculations have been used to compare the performance of a large number of potential sorbents examined using criteria such as conversion, speciation, volatility and regenerability. This exercise confirms alkali and alkaline earth carbonates exhibit the greatest halide conversion at the temperatures demanded by various downstream processes, but these species are not regenerable at high temperatures in the same manner as desulfurization sorbents. Although not previously investigated, scope exists for the investigation of barium carbonate for halide sorption. Halide removal is best performed preceding sulfur removal due to the irreversible inhibition of regenerable desulfurization sorbents by halide species. Copyright © 2011 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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References

Cited by 29 publications

References 568 publications

Air toxic emissions from the combustion of coal: Identifying and quantifying hazardous air pollutants from US coals

Air toxic emissions from the combustion of coal: Identifying and quantifying hazardous air pollutants from US coals

Molybdenum, Silver, Thallium and Vanadium

Halide removal from coal‐derived syngas: review and thermodynamic considerations

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