Refilling of carbon nanotube cartridges for 3D nanomanufacturing

Bekarevich, Raman; Toyoda, Masami; Baba, Shuichi; Nakata, Toshihiko; Hirahara, Kaori

doi:10.1039/c5nr08712k

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Gold nanoparticles were decorated onto the DWCNTs by sputtering deposition. The host MWCNT was firmly fixed to the tip of a cantilever using amorphous carbon as a glue. , Several inner layers were then removed from the MWCNT to create an open-ended container, and the gold nanowire was encapsulated by thermomigration of gold nanoparticles . A connection between the encapsulated nanowire and a discrete gold nanoparticle was established in the presence of a low voltage of 0.2 to 0.3 V, as schematically shown in Figure .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The preparation processes of the host MWCNT and gold-decorated DWCNTs as well as the process of nucleation of the encapsulated nanowire were the same as those in our previous report. 22 The DWCNTs were attached and aligned on the tip of a platinum-covered knife-edged silicon wafer. 24 Gold nanoparticles were decorated onto the DWCNTs by sputtering deposition.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…25,26 Several inner layers were then removed from the MWCNT to create an open-ended container, and the gold nanowire was encapsulated by thermomigration of gold nanoparticles. 22 A connection between the encapsulated nanowire and a discrete gold nanoparticle was established in the presence of a low voltage of 0.2 to 0.3 V, as schematically shown in Figure 1. Such a connection helps to minimize the possible effects of chemically active edge sites of the open-ended MWCNT on the coalescence process.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, we reported another strategy for Joule heat-assisted filling of CNTs with gold . An open-ended multiwalled CNT (MWCNT) was connected to a discrete gold nanoparticle located on a double-walled CNT (DWCNT) with a smaller diameter.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, we reported another strategy for Joule heat-assisted filling of CNTs with gold. 22 An open-ended multiwalled CNT (MWCNT) was connected to a discrete gold nanoparticle located on a double-walled CNT (DWCNT) with a smaller diameter. This strategy shifted the point of the highest temperature from the MWCNT to the supportive DWCNT, which preserved the undamaged structure of the host CNT and allowed assistance by thermomigration forces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coalescence of Metal Nanoparticles as the Origin of Nanocapillary Forces in Carbon Nanotubes

et al. 2017

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Advances in nanofabrication technology allow gold-filled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to be used as pin-tip injectors for additive nanomanufacturing; however, the refilling of CNT cartridges is still a technical challenge. An isolated CNT bridged and biased between two electrodes can be filled with metals owing to mass transport caused by electromigration forces. However, severe Joule heat-induced damage of the host CNT makes it difficult to refill CNT cartridges using this method. Another approach for Joule heat-assisted filling of CNTs is shifting the point of the highest temperature from the CNT cartridge to the supportive CNT. We have previously demonstrated the controlled growth of gold nanowires in CNTs by thermomigration and coalescence of metal nanoparticles. It is important to understand the origin of nanocapillary forces in CNTs to optimize the refilling process of CNT cartridges. In this study, we focus on the experimental conditions when coalescence of gold nanoparticles becomes the cause of gold loading in CNTs. We analyzed the process of coalescence by in situ transmission electron microscopy. For gold nanoparticles, in the absence of a strong thermal gradient, coalescence is the main factor responsible for elongation of the encapsulated nanowire. Large nanoparticles always absorb smaller nanoparticles, which leads to elongation of the encapsulated nanowire. In the case of platinum nanoparticles, the strong interaction between platinum and carbon layers does not allow the process of coalescence to be the main mechanism; therefore, thermomigration is the origin of the nanocapillary forces. The results reveal a metal-dependent mechanism of CNT loading.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Coalescence of Metal Nanoparticles as the Origin of Nanocapillary Forces in Carbon Nanotubes

et al. 2017

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3D Nanomanufacturing, 3D µ‐Electronics and µ‐Robotics

2017

From Additive Manufacturing to 3d/4d Printing 2

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In situ scanning electron microscopy observations of filler material transport in branched carbon microtubes by Joule heating

2020

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Y-branched or side-by-side-branched carbon microtubes with metal filler material were fabricated, and material transport in the branched microtubes with Joule heating was investigated using in situ scanning electron microscopy with micro-electrode probes. When a voltage and electric current were applied, the material enclosed in the microtubes moved from its original position. The movement was not related to the direction of the electric current; therefore, it is concluded that the movement was not due to electromigration, but rather a temperature gradient, volume expansion and increased vapor pressure by Joule heating. In Y-branched microtubes, a part of the metal filler material moved from one branch to another branch, which would be useful for microfluidic flow switching. A cylindrical filler material was also observed to be expelled from a branch while its shape was maintained, and this phenomenon is presumably caused by vaporization-induced high pressure and could find application in micro-mechanical manipulators such as punching needles. In side-by-side-branched carbon microtubes, Joule heating caused thermal volume expansion to fill the spaces in the branches that were initially empty. The microtubes then reverted to a state almost identical to the initial state with empty spaces when the electric current was turned off. These results suggest that thermal volume expansion could be employed for flow switching.

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Refilling of carbon nanotube cartridges for 3D nanomanufacturing

Cited by 4 publications

References 44 publications

Coalescence of Metal Nanoparticles as the Origin of Nanocapillary Forces in Carbon Nanotubes

Coalescence of Metal Nanoparticles as the Origin of Nanocapillary Forces in Carbon Nanotubes

3D Nanomanufacturing, 3D µ‐Electronics and µ‐Robotics

In situ scanning electron microscopy observations of filler material transport in branched carbon microtubes by Joule heating

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