Neste trabalho reportamos reações de troca iônica e decomposição térmica em nanotubos de óxido de titânio, obtidos pelo tratamento hidrotérmico de TiO 2 e NaOH. Considerando os resultados obtidos, sugerimos uma nova composição química para os nanotubos: Na 2 Ti 3 O 7 ·nH 2 O. Os resultados também indicam que a estrutura da parede dos nanotubos seria isoestrutural às lamelas observadas para o Na 2 Ti 3 O 7 bulk. Dependendo da natureza da lavagem (água deionizada ou solução ácida) executada no nanotubo após o tratamento hidrotérmico a concentração de íons Na + pode ser modificada através de um processo de troca iônica do Na + por H + . Tais resultados permitem sugerir a seguinte fórmula química geral para os nanotubos obtidos: Na 2-x H x Ti 3 O 7 ·nH 2 O (0≤ x ≤2), sendo x dependente das condições de lavagens.In this paper we report the ion exchange reactions and the thermal decomposition of titanium oxide nanotubes, obtained by hydrothermal treatment of TiO 2 and NaOH. Based on these results we propose a new composition for the as-prepared nanotubes as Na 2 Ti 3 O 7 ·nH 2 O. Our results also suggest that nanotube walls have structure similar to those observed in the layer of the bulk Na 2 Ti 3 O 7 . Depending on how the washing process is performed on the nanotubes (water or acid solutions) the Na + content can be modified via the exchange reaction of Na + by H + . Thus, a general chemical formula was also proposed: Na 2-x H x Ti 3 O 7 ·nH 2 O (0≤ x ≤2), x being dependent on the washing process.Keywords: titanate nanotubes, nanorods, TiO 2 , photocatalysis, hydrothermal treatment
IntroductionThe discovery of carbon nanotubes in early 90's opened a new research area in materials science. 1 Since then, much attention has been given to the study and search for new materials with tubular structures. The understanding of nanotube formation mechanisms has significantly improved but a clear picture of this process is still an open subject. Since carbon nanotubes originate from graphite layers (graphene) a lot of effort has been devoted to prepare nanotubes from other layered materials. After carbon nanotubes the first studied inorganic nanotubes were WS 2 , MoS 2 , BN and NbS 2 . [2][3][4][5] The preparation of these nanotubes from layered materials leads to the thought that is possible to prepare nanotubes from all materials whose bulk counterpart is a layered compound. Nowadays, a considerable list of inorganic nanotubes is known and it is increasing at an amazing rate. Among the inorganic nanotubes, titanium oxide nanotubes are very attractive because these nanostructures are promising for applications as photocatalysts, UV absorbers, dye-sensitizing solar cells, self-cleaning devices, and catalyst supports. 6,7 Kasuga et al. 8 reported the preparation of titanium oxide nanotubes through hydrothermal treatment of TiO 2 -SiO 2 powders in aqueous NaOH solutions. This preparation method is very simple and inexpensive. However, a great debate has been established in the literature regarding the formation mechanism, compo...