Refining a descriptive structure of personality attributes in the Italian language: The abridged Big Three circumplex structure.

Abstract

Intellect was missing and the remaining 4 of the Big Five had no literal counterparts. Benet-Martmez and Waller (1997) also concluded that a seven-dimensional solution was needed to represent the main personality dimensions in Spanish. As regards lexical studies in Asia, Yang and Bond (1990) and Yik and Bond (1993) observed a complex pattern of intercorrelations between indigenous dimensions in--Chinese and the Big Five, none of which was clearly replicated. In Filipino (Tagalog), Church, Reyes, Katigbak, and Grimm (1997) concluded that 7 factors were representative of the main personality dimensions, and they found no one-to-one correspondence between the emic dimensions and the Big Five. Similar results were found by Isaka (1990), who retained 10 factors to represent the indigenous dimensions of personality in the Japanese language.Given that samples were comparable across lexical studies, Almagor and colleagues (1995) and Ostendorf and Angleitner (1994b) pointed out that discrepancies between psycholexical taxonomies may be due to differences in the variable selection procedures that have been applied in the distinct studies. If evaluative and mood terms are included as personality variables, then the Big Seven are likely to emerge (Almagor et al., 1995); if abilities and talents are included as personality variables (see Angleitner, Ostendorf, & John, 1990), then the Fifth of the Big Five can emerge and be defined in terms of Intellect, Imagination, and Creativity. Saucier (1997) examined this question of divergencies in variablesampling in the American English language. He performed factor analyses, from 2 to 10 factors, on self-and acquaintance ratings provided on four item sets. The item sets were selected on the basis of different degrees of constraints in trait definition, that is, from prototypical disposition and state descriptors to the most familiar person descriptors. Saucier found that the selection criteria affected to some degree the factor analytic results. In fact, the Big Five were recovered in the set of prototypical disposition and state descriptors, and a Big Seven-like structure emerged from the set of person descriptors. Interestingly, Saucier found that the 3-factor solution, the Big Three of Peabody and Goldberg (1989), was the 451 This document is copyrighted by the American Psychological Association or one of its allied publishers.This article is intended solely for the personal use of the individual user and is not to be disseminated broadly.

The Factor Structure of Greek Personality Adjectives.

“…There have been proposals regarding the universality of a structure of three lexical factors (broader versions of Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness; Di Blas & Forzi, 1999;Peabody & De Raad, 2002;Saucier, 1997). Although some recent lexical studies (e.g., Boies et al, 2001;Church et al, 1997) have failed to confirm this structure at the three-factor level, nonetheless by testing the Big-Five markers for the factors with the emic Greek three-factor structure, we tested the hypothesis:…”

The Non‐Evaluative Circumplex of Personality Adjectives

“…Several studies (De Raad & Szirmak, 1994;Di Blas & Forzi, 1999;Saucier, 1997Saucier, , 1998 indicate that the three factors do not correspond, either one-to-one or as rotational variants, to the well-known P-E-N model (Eysenck & Eysenck, 1975). They do correspond roughly to three-factor solutions in some recent large-sample studies of temperament structure, based on ratings of children age 3 and higher (Presley & Martin, 1994;Sanson, Smart, Prior, Oberklaid, & Pedlow, 1994).…”

“…Accordingly, the relations of the two circumplexes are best understood by conceptualizing them in three dimensions, as part of a common sphere. This common sphere theoretically corresponds to that defined by the Big Three (e.g., Di Blas & Forzi, 1999).…”

Evaluating the Invariance of the Factor Structure of the EPQ–R–N Among Adolescents

“…The EPQ was designed to measure the three personality superfactors of Neuroticism, Extraversion, and Psychoticism and has an additional validity scale (Lie scale). It was revised in 1985 (EPQ-R; S. B. G. Eysenck, Eysenck, & Barrett, 1985) and has since been used all over the world (e.g., Aluja, Garcia, & Garcia, 2003;Di Blas & Forzi, 1999;San Martini, Mazzotti, & Setaro, 1996). The EPQ-R-N scale has been used extensively in research on depression and anxiety and is often used to predict the occurrence and characteristics of these disorders (e.g., Gershuny & Sher, 1998;Kendler, Gardner, & Prescott, 2002;Kendler, Kuhn, & Prescott, 2004).…”