2015
DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2014.12.007
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Refining dosing by oral gavage in the dog: A protocol to harmonise welfare

Abstract: IntroductionThe dog is a frequently-used, non-rodent species in the safety assessment of new chemical entities. We have a scientific and ethical obligation to ensure that the best quality of data is achieved from their use. Oral gavage is a technique frequently used to deliver a compound directly into the stomach. As with other animals, in the dog, gavage is aversive and the frequency of its use is a cause for welfare concern but little research has been published on the technique nor how to Refine it. A Welfa… Show more

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Cited by 19 publications
(17 citation statements)
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“…The basic premise is that animals in a more negative emotional state are more likely to be 'pessimistic' when presented with an ambiguous stimulus (midway between two stimuli they have been trained to recognize as rewarding and non-rewarding) than animals in a more positive state, which display more opportunistic judgments. With NC3Rs funding, Mendl and Paul are developing an automated test of affective state in mice and rats, and other grant holders have successfully applied the cognitive bias approach to assess the emotional state of dogs, rhesus macaques and common marmosets [11][12][13] .…”
Section: Research To Develop and Validate New Ways Of Measuring And Amentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…The basic premise is that animals in a more negative emotional state are more likely to be 'pessimistic' when presented with an ambiguous stimulus (midway between two stimuli they have been trained to recognize as rewarding and non-rewarding) than animals in a more positive state, which display more opportunistic judgments. With NC3Rs funding, Mendl and Paul are developing an automated test of affective state in mice and rats, and other grant holders have successfully applied the cognitive bias approach to assess the emotional state of dogs, rhesus macaques and common marmosets [11][12][13] .…”
Section: Research To Develop and Validate New Ways Of Measuring And Amentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Previous winners for welfare-focused research with implications for scientific outcomes have been Laura Scullion Hall and collaborators, University of Stirling, for developing a framework for assessing the welfare of the laboratory beagle and validating refinements to the oral gavage dosing technique 11 ; Brianna Gaskill and Joseph Garner, Purdue and Stanford Universities, for their work investigating the importance of nesting material and ambient temperature for thermoregulation in mice 30 ; and Daniel Adams, University of California San Francisco, for taking inspiration from human orthopedics to develop a biocompatible, titanium head implant to reduce infection risk and improve welfare in monkeys undergoing brain recordings 31 .…”
Section: Events and Networkmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A escolha da administração via gelatina se deu por dois motivos: (1) para que se possa fazer uma comparação com os resultados da administração crônica feita no Experimento I e (2) o procedimento de gavagem é aversivo para os animais (Brown, et al, 2000;Hall, et al, 2015;Wallace, et al, 1990), existindo a 12 O protocolo proposto por Braconi, et al (2010) teve como objetivo descrever um procedimento de dependência de etanol em ratos. No presente Experimento, apenas parte do protocolo foi feito.…”
Section: Fase 2 Retirada Do Etanol Após Consumo Crônicounclassified
“…Tem sido documentado que o procedimento de gavagem é muito mais invasivo e estressante para o animal (Brown, et al, 2000;Hall, et al, 2015;Wallace, et al, 1990) Pohorecky, 1981, Pohorecky & Brick, 1988) que permitiria controlar a possível aversividade da técnica de gavagem e haveria (1) uma homogeneização do procedimento (no que diz respeito às possíveis diferenças entre autoadministração e heteroadministração -Brown, et al, 2000;Hall, et al, 2015;Mello 1976;Pohorecky, 1981); (2) continuaria com um delineamento de sujeito único e (3) se controlaria algumas dessas variáveis estranhas que podem levantar dúvidas quanto as afirmações de que seriam as diferenças maneiras de administração (aguda e crônica) que explicam a maior resistência no componente rico somente na Fase 1b Linha de base + ET agudo do presente estudo.…”
Section: Administração Crônicaunclassified
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