Refining of crude sulfate turpentine obtained from a kraft pulp mill: A pilot scale treatment

Abstract

Crude sulfate turpentine (CST), a by-product of the kraft process, has commercial value that depends on the removal of sulfur compounds. The current study investigates desulfurization of CST using basic process steps for a paper mill at a pilot scale treatment. In another aspect, the sulfurous compounds in CST were removed by passing to the aqueous phase with terpin hydrate production, followed by α-terpineol conversion with citric acid catalysis. The goal was to design an environmentally friendly, low-cost, zero waste process and thereby refine the CST or byproducts to a quality that can produce chemical raw materials. Refining processes included hypochlorite oxidation, air oxidation, washing with water, and distillation. The sulfur content was decreased to 170, 106, and 29 ppm from respectively by 1260 ppm initial sulphur content of CST. The chlorine amount, due to treatment with hypochlorite oxidation, did not decrease with refining processes, even in distilled fraction. By obtaining α-terpineol from terpin hydrate, the sulfur compounds were completely removed. According to the GS-MS analysis results, distilled sulfate turpentine (DST) as the final product of the refining process of the CST sample increased the ratio with pinenes. On the other hand, with two reaction steps by obtaining terpin hydrate from CST and then α-terpineol, pinenes were converted to α-terpineol.

Structure and Catalytic Performance of Carbon-Based Solid Acids from Biomass Activated by ZnCl2

“…A viable alternative to address these issues is the utilization of solid acid catalysts. Prevalent heterogeneous solid acid catalysts include zeolites, ion-exchange resins, molecular sieves, and membrane materials [4][5][6][7][8]. Contemporary research focusing on the catalytic synthesis 2 of 19 of α-terpineol predominantly employs a "one-step method" operating within a heterogeneous system.…”