Refining the phylogeny of Crambidae with complete sampling of subfamilies (Lepidoptera, Pyraloidea)

Abstract

Crambidae is a group of moths with more than 10,000 species occurring worldwide that evolved diverse morphological and ecological habits. They can be best recognized by morphological characters of the adult tympanal organ and larval chaetotaxy. We present the first molecular phylogeny of Crambidae including all subfamilies and most tribes. We use available molecular data from two previous studies, and published transcriptomes and genomes, compiling ten genes totalling 11,247 bp. Up to eight genes are sequenced for thirty‐nine additional taxa, with Cathariinae, Cybalomiinae and Linostinae sampled for the first time. Maximum‐likelihood and Bayesian analyses recover topologies mostly agreeing with those of previous studies, with several groupings showing better support. Cathariinae syn. n. and Cybalomiinae syn. n. are recovered as ingroup of Glaphyriinae and are consequently synonymized with the latter. Linostinae are either sister to Glaphyriinae or sister to the ‘CAMMSS clade’. Lathrotelinae are recovered monophyletic and as sister to Musotiminae in the Bayesian analysis. Hoploscopinae stat. n. are recovered as sister to ((Crambinae + Erupinae stat. n.) + (Scopariinae + Heliothelinae s. str.)). Evolution of host‐plant preferences is discussed.

The First Mitogenomes of the Subfamily Odontiinae (Lepidoptera, Crambidae) and Phylogenetic Analysis of Pyraloidea

“…In all of the phylogenetic trees obtained, we think that the topology of the AA tree is optimal, which is congruent with the previous results of nuclear genes. In all trees based on three datasets, the monophyly of the two families, Pyralidae and Crambidae, was well supported, as has been indicated with the morphology-based and the molecular-based results [ 1 , 4 , 8 , 68 ].…”

“…In all of the phylogenetic trees obtained, we think that the topology of the AA tree is optimal, which is congruent with the previous results of nuclear genes. In all trees based on three datasets, the monophyly of the two families, Pyralidae and Crambidae, was well supported, as has been indicated with the morphology-based and the molecular-based results [1,4,8,68]. Within the Pyralidae, all analyses consistently supported its monophyly of three of the subfamilies, i.e., Pyralinae, Galleriinae and Phycitinae, and the inclusion of the subfamilies, i.e., Pyralinae, Galleriinae, Epipaschiinae and Phycitinae, with the exception of the Chrysauginae, that was not included for a lack of online mitogenomic data.…”

“…As one of the small subfamilies of Pyraloidea, Odontiinae is comprised of 388 species in 88 genera, and it is numerous in eremic habitats of all major biogeographic regions except New Zealand. Many odontiine species are important pests, and their larvae are leaf miners and folders, flower and bud feeders, and fruit borers [ 3 , 4 , 5 ]. They usually cause serious damage to medicinal plants and fruit trees such as the incense trees ( Aquilaria sinensis ) and olive trees ( Canarium album ) in tropical and subtropical regions [ 6 , 7 ].…”

“…They usually cause serious damage to medicinal plants and fruit trees such as the incense trees ( Aquilaria sinensis ) and olive trees ( Canarium album ) in tropical and subtropical regions [ 6 , 7 ]. Historically, the relationships among Odontiinae, Glaphyriinae, Noordinae, Evergestinae and Cathariinae have been controversial for a long time until the landmark studies conducted by Regier et al [ 8 ] and Léger et al [ 4 ] which discussed the phylogeny of Pyraloidea including Odontiinae based on several nuclear genes combined with a single mitochondrial gene COI. However, a mitogenome-based investigation about the relationships among Odontiinae and the other subfamilies of Pyraloidea has never been discussed.…”

The Role of Satellite DNAs in Genome Architecture and Sex Chromosome Evolution in Crambidae Moths

“…Nevertheless, some degree of homology has been demonstrated, suggesting partial conservation of repeats on the W chromosomes. However, this degree of homology is not consistent with the phylogeny of Crambidae subfamilies ( Regier et al, 2012 ; Zhu et al, 2018 ; Léger et al, 2021 ), since the W probe from O. nubilalis (Pyraustinae) showed the highest number of signals in the W chromosome of distant D. postlineella (Crambinae), but a lower number of signals in the W chromosome of more closely related C. perspectalis (Spilomelinae). These results support the hypothesis of fast independent molecular divergence of W chromosomes with occasional conservation of some repetitive sequences.…”