Reflecting on an anniversary. The 1970 SS Arrow oil spill in Chedabucto Bay, Nova Scotia, Canada

Lee, Kenneth; Wells, Peter G.; Gordon, Donald C.

doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111332

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The T/V Arrow had a cargo of 11,000 m 3 of Bunker C fuel and ran aground on Cerberus Rock at the entrance to the Strait of Canso during a storm in February 1970, spilling almost the entire cargo into Chedabucto Bay and resulting in an estimated 305 km of oiled shorelines (Owens, 2010a). The "Arrow" spill was unusual in one respect as part of the oiled shoreline at Black Duck Cove deliberately remained uncleaned to allow for the long-term scientific assessment of natural attenuation processes (Owens, 1971;Owens et al, 1993Owens et al, , 2008Owens, 2010a;Lee et al, 2020). Another major spill occurred when the T/V Kurdistan broke into two sections in 1979 and spilled 7,700 m 3 of Bunker C fuel into Cabot Strait.…”

Section: Spill Case Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The "oleovator" or "slick-licker", a conveyor belt apparatus that mechanically recovered oil in inlets and near the beach, was developed by the Canadian Defense Research Establishment (Pacific) and con-ceivably was the first use of a skimmer on an oil spill response (The Ministry of Transport, 1970). Much of the oil was accessible only for manual removal with rakes and shovels, a slow and difficult tactic on many of the coarse sediment or bedrock shores (Owens et al, 1993;Owens, 2010b;Lee et al, 2020).…”

Section: Shoreline Oiling and Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Analysis of Selected Oil Spill Case Studies on the Shorelines of Canada

Feng¹,

An²,

Cao³

et al. 2021

J ENVIRON INFORM LET

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After an oil spill, oil may wash ashore and there is only a short window of opportunity to respond. Analysis of historical incident data is valuable to guide future responses and cleanup practices. This study summarized the oil spill accidents that impacted the Canadian shoreline and analyzed the related information including location, incident characteristics, and shoreline treatment. Major spills due to tanker accidents in Canadian marine waters fortunately have been infrequent. Most of the accidents have happened on Canada's Pacific coast, accounting for 52% of the total accidents recorded. The Atlantic coast accounted for 39% and the remaining accidents happened in the Arctic region. Regarding spilled volume, 55% of the accidents spilled oil volumes smaller than 100 m 3 . Spilled volumes between 100 ~ 1000 m 3 represent 30% of the incidents and 15% had spilled volume greater than 1000 m 3 . Bunker C fuel and diesel were the main types of the spilled oil, accounting for 33% of the spills, respectively. Within the oil spill accidents impacting Canadian shorelines, marine vessel accidents were the major sources accounting for 70% of the spill accidents. In terms of the shoreline treatment, the commonly employed treatments were manual, vacuum, mechanical, and sorbent removal. The dataset highlighted the significance of a more comprehensive record for response phase details and environmental effects monitoring.

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Section: Spill Case Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Shoreline Oiling and Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Analysis of Selected Oil Spill Case Studies on the Shorelines of Canada

Feng¹,

An²,

Cao³

et al. 2021

J ENVIRON INFORM LET

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“…An oil spill is considered a marine pollutant of global interest [1]. Large-scale and small-scale oil spills are as old as exploration activities in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the presence of the National Oil Spill Detection and Response Agency since 2006 (NOSDRA), oil production in Nigeria and the Niger Delta region, in particular witnessed some setbacks for over a decade. There is an increase in oil exploration and its attendance degradation of the environment in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria [1]. Therefore, there is an increased risk of oil pollution in the region, linked with accidental pipeline breakage, deliberate pipeline breakage or a combination of both.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure, geochemical, and spatial distribution patterns of an oil spill in parts of the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria

et al. 2021

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Large-scale and small-scale spilt oil is as old as exploration activities in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. There is a need to provide the exposure, geochemical and spatial characteristics in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria because of the effects of the spilt oil on the communities and the environment. Some of the spilt oil-disaster impacts for exposed communities include psychological effects and socio-demographic characteristics. In this study, the characteristics, sources, spatial and socio-demographic risk predictions of the spilt oil discovered by Kolo Creek coastal residents are examined. A random sample of 900 residents of Kolo Creek coastal communities included exposure characteristics linked to health, the social and economic lifestyle of the communities. The demographic characteristics included age, gender, literacy, and occupation as covariates in the analyses. Respondents provided varied information on the amount of health, the social, and economic impacts. The highest and lowest direct exposure impact accounts 94.65±2.0% and 5.95±1.52% for smoggy weather and obstruction to watercourses respectively. The geochemical distribution pattern was examined using standard laboratory procedures. This investigation included the determination of the physical and chemical characteristics of water samples at the oil spill sites. Also, the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total hydrocarbon content (THC), and total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) of both water and sediment samples were carried out. A strong correlation exists between these parameters (i.e. at p < 0.01) and indicate communalities greater than 0.5. The pollution distribution maps support the spatial distribution pattern and correlate significantly (p < 0.01) with the exposure distribution, and the geochemical distribution patterns.

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“…Biodegradation is a cost effective remediation option, where the native bacterial communities are allowed to adapt to degrade hydrocarbons from the spilled oil. Biodegradation potential within coastal sediments is well documented in field and laboratory studies (Chaerun et al 2004;Kostka et al 2011;Pontes et al 2013;Lee et al 2018Lee et al , 2020. However, salinity, nutrient status, organic matter concentrations, hydrocarbon partitioning and bio-availability have a strong influence on microbial communities, thereby affecting hydrocarbon biodegradation efficiency (Powell et al 2003;Ikenaga et al 2010).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring the Fate and Natural Attenuation Potential of a Viscous Marine Fuel on an Artificial Beach Mesocosm

Poon,

Greer,

Wasserscheid

et al. 2024

Environ. Process.

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Shoreline oiling poses a risk to coastal ecosystems and resources. Understanding the natural attenuation potential and impact of different sediment types is important for choosing appropriate intervention strategies and priority areas following a spill. Simulated IFO-40 oil spills on artificial beach mesocosms were carried out using different sediment types: sandy beach and sandy tidal flat, under low energy tidal cycles over a 5-day period. Chemical and biological analysis of leachate and sediment was conducted to understand the movement of oil through these mesocosms. Rapid oil movement from the oil slick to the surface sediment layer was observed in the sandy beach enclosures, while slower oil movement was observed in the sandy tidal flat enclosures. Increased hydrocarbon dissolution was observed in the sandy beach enclosures, marked by higher concentrations of low molecular weight n-Alkanes (C12 − 15) and naphthalenes (C0 − 3) in sandy beach leachate compared to sandy tidal flat samples. Despite the increase in hydrocarbons, there were no major shifts in microbial communities observed in the leachate and sediment compartments for either sediment type. Both prokaryote and microeukaryote communities differed between the two sediment types, with little overlap between dominant sequences. Our results indicate that limited oil penetration occurs within sandy tidal flat shorelines resulting in oil accumulation suggesting that sorbent or vacuuming could be used as emergency response to minimize the environmental and ecological impacts of spilled oil.

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Reflecting on an anniversary. The 1970 SS Arrow oil spill in Chedabucto Bay, Nova Scotia, Canada

Cited by 17 publications

References 37 publications

An Analysis of Selected Oil Spill Case Studies on the Shorelines of Canada

An Analysis of Selected Oil Spill Case Studies on the Shorelines of Canada

Exposure, geochemical, and spatial distribution patterns of an oil spill in parts of the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria

Measuring the Fate and Natural Attenuation Potential of a Viscous Marine Fuel on an Artificial Beach Mesocosm

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