“…The process for deliberate reflection was introduced for several reasons: 1) deliberate reflection implies making the reflective process overt to enhance learning, [11,12] 2) deliberate reflection, unlike the similar metacognitive strategy of self-explanation, is not restricted to inferences and clarifying, justifying or monitoring behavior, [13,14] 3) deliberate reflection focuses on integrating previous experiences with current experience, applying strategic knowledge about self and learning (including awareness of affective components such as confidence), [13,14] and, incorporating mental representation (selective encoding, combination and comparison), [15][16][17] 4) deliberate reflection has important temporal features of reflection to consider before, during and after action, and 5) deliberate reflection uses a think-aloud or verbal-report strategy used in debriefing and other thought-process research strategies. [7] The process of making reflective thinking overt (the first reason) is suggested by using cognitive forcing strategies to de-bias and prevent diagnostic errors.…”