“…Pain management is recognized as a quality measure for optimal care by the Joint Commission (Bardia et al, 2006), which emphasizes alternatives to pharmacologic interventions for patient comfort, pain control, and HRQOL (Ernst & Ferrer, 2009). The American Cancer Society and the National Comprehensive Cancer Network Cancer recommend nonpharmacologic modalities in the management of cancer pain when pain scores remain at 4 or higher on a 10-point scale following reevaluation and modification of conventional pharmacologic treatment (Bardia et al, 2006).…”