A theoretical model of the temperature distribution of biological tissue under pulsed laser illumination is developed. With the help of the elaborated miniature thermometer based on a shieldless silicon transistor, the spatial-temporal distribution of temperatures of the artery inner wall with atherosclerotic inclusions (in vitro) under excimer-laser illumination as a function of laser power and the distance between the thermometer and laser spot on the tissue surface was experimentally measured. From a comparison of experimental data with the results of the model developed, the thermal diffusivity of tissue and the size of the "region of damage" (i.e., the region where the temperature exceeds 43-45 ~ under laser removal (ablation) of the tissue was determined, as well as the threshold energy density of the ablation onset.