After reviewing various natural bi-interpretations in urelement set theory, including second-order set theories with urelements, we explore the strength of second-order reflection in these contexts. Ultimately, we prove that second-order reflection with the abundant atom axiom is bi-interpretable and hence also equiconsistent with the existence of a supercompact cardinal. The proof relies on a reflection characterization of supercompactness, namely, a cardinal
$\kappa $
is supercompact if and only if every
$\Pi ^1_1$
sentence true in a structure M (of any size) containing
$\kappa $
in a language of size less than
$\kappa $
is also true in a substructure
$m\prec M$
of size less than
$\kappa $
with
$m\cap \kappa \in \kappa $
.