Reflection Spectroscopy-Assessed Skin Carotenoids Are Sensitive to Change in Carotenoid Intake in a 6-Week Randomized Controlled Feeding Trial in a Racially/Ethnically Diverse Sample

Pitts, Stephanie Jilcott; Moran, Nancy E.; Laska, Melissa N.; Wu, Qiang; Harnack, Lisa; Moe, Stacey G.; Carr-Manthe, Pamela; Gates, Elizabeth; Chang, Jocelyn; Zaidi, Yusuf; Gelineau, Abigail; Berg, Lauren; Craft, Neal E.

doi:10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.02.017

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…pressure-mediated reflection spectroscopy are more promising for assessing F/V intake amongst preschoolers given its high correlation (r = 0.70-0.72) with carotenoid levels in blood plasma/serum. 38 Along with previous literature, 30 our study provides further support for applying skin carotenoids as a sensitive tool to assess F/V intake changes in interventions. Although the study families were from lowincome households, they lived in urban cities with good neighbourhood access to F/V, which might facilitate the increase of consuming F/V in this study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

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FirstStep2Health: A cluster randomised trial to promote healthy behaviours and prevent obesity amongst low‐income preschoolers

Ling,

Suriyawong,

Robbins

et al. 2024

Pediatric Obesity

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SummaryObjectiveTo evaluate the preliminary effects of a theory‐based, multi‐component intervention on improving healthy lifestyle behaviours and preventing obesity amongst low‐income preschoolers.MethodsA cluster randomised controlled trial was conducted at 10 daycare centres. The 16‐week FirstStep2Health intervention, grounded in the Actor‐Partner Interdependence Model and the Social Cognitive Theory, included five components: a Facebook‐based parent programme, three virtual parent meetings, three weekly motivational text messages, parent–child learning via weekly child letters and daycare centre‐based child programme.ResultsA total of 95 preschoolers (53 intervention and 42 control) participated. Preschoolers' mean age was 49.27 months, with 57.9% being female, 12.6% being Hispanic and 40% being African American. The intervention significantly decreased intervention preschoolers' fat intake (B = −33.76, p = 0.047) and % body fat (B = −1.18, p = 0.036) compared to the control. During year 2, there were significant intervention effects on increasing skin carotenoids (B = 87.06, p = 0.035). Although not statistically significant, the intervention showed positive effects on increasing preschoolers' fruit/vegetable intake; and decreasing screen time, body mass index z‐score and proportion of overweight/obesity.ConclusionsEven with some potential limitations (small sample size, measurement concerns and confounding with Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic), the study's results support the preliminary efficacy of the FirstStep2Health intervention in preventing obesity amongst low‐income racially diverse preschoolers.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…One study amongst 162 US racially diverse participants concluded that Veggie Meter was sensitive to identify changes in carotenoid intake over 6 weeks, and the correlation was 0.44 between changes in plasma carotenoids and changes in skin carotenoids. 30…”

Section: Dietary Intakementioning

confidence: 99%

FirstStep2Health: A cluster randomised trial to promote healthy behaviours and prevent obesity amongst low‐income preschoolers

Ling,

Suriyawong,

Robbins

et al. 2024

Pediatric Obesity

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“…VM has been widely used in the field of nutrition because VM can measure SC levels non-invasively in a short time. Several studies 27 , 47 – 51 clarified the association between fruit and vegetable intake and SC levels measured by VM and some interventional studies 52 , 53 revealed that VM accurately detects differences in carotenoid intake through diet. In our previous study 54 , informing participants of their VM scores has proven effective in motivating fruit and vegetable intake, and repeated measurements have increased SC levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease score and skin carotenoid levels estimated via refraction spectroscopy in the Japanese population: a cross-sectional study

Obana,

Nakamura,

Miura

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Carotenoids play a role in preventing and impeding the progression of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVDs) through their anti-oxidative effects. This study evaluated associations between ASCVD risk and skin carotenoid (SC) levels, reflecting dietary carotenoid intake. Participants’ ASCVD risk was assessed using the Hisayama ASCVD risk prediction model, and SC levels were measured through a reflection spectroscope (Veggie Meter). The associations between high ASCVD risk and SC levels were analyzed using logistic regression analysis and a restricted cubic spline (RCS) model. A total of 1130 men and women (mean age: 56 years) from participants who underwent a health examination in Seirei Center for Health Promotion and Prevention Medicine in 2019 and 2022 were analyzed. Of these, 4.6% had moderate or high ASCVD risk. Mean SC values were 236, 315, 376, 447, and 606 in quintile Q1 to Q5, respectively. The adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of SC quintile for moderate- or high-risk ASCVD was 0.24 (0.12–0.51) in Q5 (495 ≤), 0.42 (0.23–0.77) in Q4, 0.50 (0.29–0.88) in Q3, and 0.68 (0.41–1.12) in Q2 compared to Q1 (< 281). High SC values continuously showed non-linear inverse association with moderate- or high-risk for ASCVD in Japanese adults. Non-invasive SC measurements may be a good indicator for recommending carotenoids to prevent cardiovascular disease.

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“…Similarly, the clearance of xanthophylls in plasma might occur faster compared to carotenes, explaining the lower correlations between dietary intake and plasma concentrations for β-cryptoxanthin and lutein/zeaxanthin. The combined accumulation time of total carotenoids in the skin upon increased intake is described to be in the range of 1–2 weeks [ 27 , 39 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Modern Approaches for the Assessment of Dietary Carotenoids as Markers for Fruit and Vegetable Consumption

et al. 2023

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The assessment of dietary carotenoids via blood measurements has been widely used as a marker for fruit and vegetable consumption. In the present study, modern, non-invasive approaches to assess dietary carotenoids, such as skin measurements and an app-based short dietary record (ASDR), were compared with conventional methods such as plasma status and handwritten 3-day dietary records. In an 8-week observational study, 21 healthy participants aged 50–65 years recorded their daily consumption of carotenoid-rich fruits and vegetables via a specially developed ASDR. Anthropometry, blood samplings and assessment of skin carotenoids via Raman and reflection spectroscopy were performed at baseline, after four weeks and at the end of the study. App-based intake data showed good correlations with plasma α-carotene (r = 0.74, p < 0.0001), β-carotene (r = 0.71, p < 0.0001), and total plasma carotenoids (r = 0.65, p < 0.0001); weak correlations with plasma lutein/zeaxanthin and β-cryptoxanthin (both r = 0.34, p < 0.05); and no correlation with plasma lycopene. Skin measurements via reflection and Raman spectroscopy correlated well with total plasma carotenoids (r = 0.81 and 0.72, respectively; both p < 0.0001), α-carotene (r = 0.75–0.62, p < 0.0001), and β-carotene (r = 0.79–0.71, p < 0.0001); moderately with plasma lutein/zeaxanthin (both r = 0.51, p < 0.0001); weakly with plasma β-cryptoxanthin (r = 0.40–0.31, p < 0.05); and showed no correlation with plasma lycopene. Skin measurements could provide a more convenient and noninvasive approach of estimating a person’s fruit and vegetable consumption compared to traditional methods, especially in studies that do not intend blood sampling. ASDR records might function as a suitable, convenient tool for dietary assessment in nutritional intervention studies.

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Reflection Spectroscopy-Assessed Skin Carotenoids Are Sensitive to Change in Carotenoid Intake in a 6-Week Randomized Controlled Feeding Trial in a Racially/Ethnically Diverse Sample

Cited by 11 publications

References 42 publications

FirstStep2Health: A cluster randomised trial to promote healthy behaviours and prevent obesity amongst low‐income preschoolers

FirstStep2Health: A cluster randomised trial to promote healthy behaviours and prevent obesity amongst low‐income preschoolers

Association between atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease score and skin carotenoid levels estimated via refraction spectroscopy in the Japanese population: a cross-sectional study

Evaluation of Modern Approaches for the Assessment of Dietary Carotenoids as Markers for Fruit and Vegetable Consumption

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