2007
DOI: 10.1063/1.2747210
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Reflections on cavitation nuclei in water

Abstract: The origin of cavitation bubbles, cavitation nuclei, has been a subject of debate since the early years of cavitation research. This paper presents an analysis of a representative selection of experimental investigations of cavitation inception and the tensile strength of water. At atmospheric pressure, the possibility of stabilization of free gas bubbles by a skin has been documented, but only within a range of bubble sizes that makes them responsible for tensile strengths up to about 1.5 bar, and values reac… Show more

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Cited by 71 publications
(36 citation statements)
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“…they are spherical caps, and they are taken to be covered by an amphiphilic skin which allows them to be in diffusion balance with the surrounding water. Thus, the initial pressure inside such a bubble p g,0 þ p v ¼ p 1,0 , where p g,0 is the gas pressure, p v is the vapour pressure and p 1,0 is the initial far-field pressure, the skin giving the bubble an effective initial surface tension coefficient of g eff , 0 ¼ 0 [15]. Such a skin-stabilized interfacial cavitation bubble is shown in figure 8a, and an angle of attachment u 0 ¼ 178 is assumed.…”
Section: Model Of a Skin-stabilized Interfacial Cavitation Nucleusmentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…they are spherical caps, and they are taken to be covered by an amphiphilic skin which allows them to be in diffusion balance with the surrounding water. Thus, the initial pressure inside such a bubble p g,0 þ p v ¼ p 1,0 , where p g,0 is the gas pressure, p v is the vapour pressure and p 1,0 is the initial far-field pressure, the skin giving the bubble an effective initial surface tension coefficient of g eff , 0 ¼ 0 [15]. Such a skin-stabilized interfacial cavitation bubble is shown in figure 8a, and an angle of attachment u 0 ¼ 178 is assumed.…”
Section: Model Of a Skin-stabilized Interfacial Cavitation Nucleusmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…values commonly found for plain water, by assuming diffusion balance across the skin at stabilization and applying the Blake formulae [1] to these bubbles [15].…”
Section: Free Gas Bubblesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Calculations show that such a skin-stabilized bubble has a critical radius in principle equivalent to that of a skin-free bubble of the same gas content. Although the latter is smaller and unstable, their critical radii and pressures can be determined from the same equations (Blake 1949;Mørch 2007). Undoubtedly, cavitation nuclei at normal solid boundaries as well as on the surface of particles in the bulk of plain water are also skin-stabilized, and an analysis by Ducker (2009) supports this expectation.…”
mentioning
confidence: 66%
“…Surface nanobubbles can be observed with atomic force microscopy and are always found to be very flat, with contact radii of up to 1000 nm and heights of up to 50 nm (Zhang, Quinn & Ducker 2008;Seddon & Lohse 2011). Let us apply the considerations of Mørch (2007) to a planar solid-water interface with a stable interfacial gas bubble, shaped as a spherical cap of attachment radius R n and height h 0 , the bubble being covered by an amphiphilic skin that allows gas diffusion balance at the water-gas interface, i.e. surface tension γ eff ,0 = 0, figure 1(a).…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…For homogeneous nucleation in pure water the theoretical tensile strength is approximately equal to 1320 bar at T = 298 K [65,141]. However, in experiments, due to the problem of cleaning and degassing of the water and equipment, this value is not found.…”
Section: Non-equilibrium Statesmentioning
confidence: 83%