“…Although comparative and international education (CIE) traces its roots to the late 1800s and early 1900s (Passow, 1982), it was not until the 1950s that professional societies and scholarly journals were established (Wilson, 2006;Wiseman & Matherly, 2009). Throughout the last 70 years, scholars have debated and critiqued understandings of CIE (Bereday, 1966;Epstein, 1994;Manzon, 2011;Olivera, 1988;Ragin, 1989); however, there have not been consistent, systematic, and empirical reflections on the field (Wiseman & Anderson, 2013a, 2013b. Identifying or developing a singular definition of CIE has been a central topic of conversation, debate, and publication that has dominated the professional discourse at relevant and opportune times, especially at the founding of CIES, as well as around its 50-year anniversary in the early 2000s (Wiseman & Anderson, 2013a, 2013b.…”