Reflective Fiber-Optic Refractometer Using Broadband Cladding Mode Coupling Mediated by a Tilted Fiber Bragg Grating and an In-Fiber Mirror

Zhang, Zhaochuan; Guo, Tuan; Guan, Bai‐Ou

doi:10.1109/jlt.2018.2838538

Cited by 21 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…26 The downside of using TFBG is high loss in propagation of cladding modes, which was overcome by a technique used in Ref. 73, where the refractometer working on the phenomenon of recoupling of cladding and core was proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The sensor consisted of TFBG tilted at an angle of 12 deg and gratings inscribed with phase masking technique using a KrF excimer laser in hydrogen (H 2 ) loaded single-mode fiber.…”

Section: Multiplexing In Fbg Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fiber Bragg grating sensors for monitoring of physical parameters: a comprehensive review

2020

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Fiber Bragg grating has embraced the area of fiber optics since the early days of its discovery, and most fiber optic sensor systems today make use of fiber Bragg grating technology. Researchers have gained enormous attention in the field of fiber Bragg grating (FBG)-based sensing due to its inherent advantages, such as small size, fast response, distributed sensing, and immunity to the electromagnetic field. Fiber Bragg grating technology is popularly used in measurements of various physical parameters, such as pressure, temperature, and strain for civil engineering, industrial engineering, military, maritime, and aerospace applications. Nowadays, strong emphasis is given to structure health monitoring of various engineering and civil structures, which can be easily achieved with FBG-based sensors. Depending on the type of grating, FBG can be uniform, long, chirped, tilted or phase shifted having periodic perturbation of refractive index inside core of the optical fiber. Basic fundamentals of FBG and recent progress of fiber Bragg grating-based sensors used in various applications for temperature, pressure, liquid level, strain, and refractive index sensing have been reviewed. A major problem of temperature cross sensitivity that occurs in FBG-based sensing requires temperature compensation technique that has also been discussed in this paper.

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Section: Multiplexing In Fbg Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fiber Bragg grating sensors for monitoring of physical parameters: a comprehensive review

2020

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“…However, LPG can only couple the core mode to low-order cladding modes, and the structure is not compact. Tilted fiber Bragg grating (TFBG) has better performance, which is attributed to its unique mode coupling and spectral properties [11][12][13][14][15], whereas the inscription of the initial TFBG devices has a high requirement of fiber photosensitivity. Thus, TFBG in non-photosensitive fiber inscribed by a femtosecond laser is a growing concern [16][17][18][19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fiber Bragg Grating with Enhanced Cladding Modes Inscribed by Femtosecond Laser and a Phase Mask

Bao

Liu

Feng

et al. 2020

Sensors

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In this paper, we demonstrate a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) with a wide range and a comb with continuous cladding mode resonances inscribed in non-photosensitive single mode fibers using a femtosecond laser and a phase mask. The FBG is inscribed in the core and cladding, exciting a series of cladding modes in transmission. The birefringence induced by this FBG structure offers significant polarization-dependence for cladding modes, thus allowing the vector fiber twist to be perceived. By measuring the peak-to-peak differential intensity of orthogonally polarized cladding mode resonances, the proposed sensor presents totally opposite intensity response in the anticlockwise direction for the torsion angle ranging from −45° to 45°. The cladding mode comb approximately covers wavelengths over the O-, E-, S-, and C-bands in transmission. The cutoff cladding mode of air can be observed in the spectrum. Thus, the sensible refractive index range is estimated to be from 1.00 to 1.44. Temperature responsivity of the grating is also characterized. The proposed device potentially provides new solutions to the various challenges of physical vector and bio-chemical parameters sensing.

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“…This is because that the small external refractive index variation induces extremely small resonance wavelength shift that cannot be accurately tracked by the optical spectrum analyzer (OSA) [8]. In contrast, the intensity interrogation method by measuring the resonance intensity that varies with the SRI perturbation presents a higher sensitivity [8]- [11]. By this approach, it has been demonstrated that the cut-off mode, the last cladding guided mode, SPR mode, and 'apolarized' mode show sensitive response to the SRI perturbation [8]- [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene Enhanced Leaky Mode Resonance in Tilted Fiber Bragg Grating: A New Opportunity for Highly Sensitive Fiber Optic Sensor

Shen

et al. 2019

IEEE Access

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Tilted fiber Bragg grating (TFBG) presents many unique spectral characteristics for sensing. The widespread approaches to date are based on the cutoff mode resonance and surface plasmon resonance (SPR), whereas the leaky mode resonance is ignored in the literature. Herein, we theoretically demonstrate that the s-polarized (or TE/HE) leaky mode resonance (and the guided mode resonance) can be efficiently enhanced (and suppressed) by integrating graphene on the TFBG for a highly sensitive sensor. In contrast, the p-polarized (or TM/EH) mode (both leaky mode and guided counterpart) presents slight variation. The enhancement principle is discussed based on the variation in the mode characteristics induced by the graphene. The results show that the graphene enhanced leaky mode resonance presents ultra-sensitive intensity response but insensitive wavelength response to the extremely small analyte perturbation. The sensitivities are achieved up to 14108dB/RIU and 5232.6dB/RIU for the first two leaky modes in gaseous media respectively, which are 121 and 13 times higher than that of bare TFBG. This novel sensing platform provides a promising technique that can compete with the widespread SPR approach in fiber optic sensing fields, which opens up new opportunities for industrial, environmental, and biochemical sensing applications. INDEX TERMS Tilted fiber Bragg grating, graphene, leaky mode resonance, refractive index sensing.

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Reflective Fiber-Optic Refractometer Using Broadband Cladding Mode Coupling Mediated by a Tilted Fiber Bragg Grating and an In-Fiber Mirror

Cited by 21 publications

References 11 publications

Fiber Bragg grating sensors for monitoring of physical parameters: a comprehensive review

Fiber Bragg grating sensors for monitoring of physical parameters: a comprehensive review

Fiber Bragg Grating with Enhanced Cladding Modes Inscribed by Femtosecond Laser and a Phase Mask

Graphene Enhanced Leaky Mode Resonance in Tilted Fiber Bragg Grating: A New Opportunity for Highly Sensitive Fiber Optic Sensor

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