Reflective Parking Lots for Microscale Urban Heat Island Mitigation

Sen, Sushobhan; Fernandèz, Juan Pablo Ricardo Mendèz Ruiz; Roesler, Jeffery R.

doi:10.1177/0361198120919401

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…In the case of the same albedo level, the temperature will be lower in the square than in the courtyard [ 133 ]. The use of a high albedo surface in a dispersed context may improve thermal comfort at the pedestrian level [ 222 ], and alleviate UHI [ 212 , 223 ], but also lower the ambient peak temperature [ 183 , 224 ] and thus also the cooling load in buildings [ 196 , 224 ]. Research in Australia has shown that for every 10% albedo increase, the decrease in peak cooling load was about 3.5% [ 224 ].…”

Section: Discussion and Urban Design Strategy Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research in Australia has shown that for every 10% albedo increase, the decrease in peak cooling load was about 3.5% [ 224 ]. The USA example shows that increasing the parking lot albedo can lower temperatures by about 1 °C [ 223 ]. Increasing the albedo in densely built-up areas is unwise because it implies an increase in the mean radiation temperature [ 214 , 225 ].…”

Section: Discussion and Urban Design Strategy Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Future of Climate-Resilient and Climate-Neutral City in the Temperate Climate Zone

Antoszewski

Krzyżaniak

Świerk

2022

IJERPH

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The urban heat island (UHI) effect is the main problem regarding a city’s climate. It is the main adverse effect of urbanization and negatively affects human thermal comfort levels as defined by physiological equivalent temperature (PET) in the urban environment. Blue and green infrastructure (BGI) solutions may mitigate the UHI effect. First, however, it is necessary to understand the problem from the degrading side. The subject of this review is to identify the most essential geometrical, morphological, and topographical parameters of the urbanized environment (UE) and to understand the synergistic relationships between city and nature. A four-stage normative procedure was used, appropriate for systematic reviews of the UHI. First, one climate zone (temperate climate zone C) was limited to unify the design guidelines. As a result of delimitation, 313 scientific articles were obtained (546 rejected). Second, the canonical correlation analysis (CCA) was performed for the obtained data. Finally, our research showed the parameters of the UE facilities, which are necessary to mitigate the UHI effect. Those are building density and urban surface albedo for neighborhood cluster (NH), and distance from the city center, aspect ratio, ground surface albedo, and street orientation for street canyon (SC), as well as building height, material albedo, and building orientation for the building structure (BU). The developed guidelines can form the basis for microclimate design in a temperate climate. The data obtained from the statistical analysis will be used to create the blue-green infrastructure (BGI) dynamic modeling algorithm, which is the main focus of the future series of articles.

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Section: Discussion and Urban Design Strategy Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussion and Urban Design Strategy Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Future of Climate-Resilient and Climate-Neutral City in the Temperate Climate Zone

Antoszewski

Krzyżaniak

Świerk

2022

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The use of cool materials may be effective in hot and arid climates; however, their use in cold and humid continental climates must be carefully considered, given that they may decrease the benefits of heat [ 134 , 135 , 136 ]. Even in a hot and arid climate, an increase in solar reflection due to cool pavement in urban areas can increase the heat stress of pedestrians [ 137 , 138 ]. It is cost-efficient to use cool materials; however, overall, it is more effective to rely on vegetation cover, green space, and trees to mitigate UHI effect [ 22 , 122 , 128 ].…”

Section: Control Of Outdoor Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Multidisciplinary Understanding of the Urban Heating Problem and Mitigation: A Conceptual Framework for Urban Planning

Lee

Kim

2022

IJERPH

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With the global acceleration of urbanization, temperatures in cities are rising continuously with global climate change, creating an imminent risk of urban heat islands and urban heating. Although much research has attempted to analyze urban heating from various perspectives, a comprehensive approach to urban planning that addresses the problem is just beginning. This study suggests a conceptual framework for multidisciplinary understanding of urban heating by reviewing 147 selected articles from various fields, published between 2007 and 2021, that discuss urban heating mitigation. From these, we identified several outdoor and indoor temperature-reduction factors and proposed area-based, zoning-based, and point-based approaches to mitigate urban heating.

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“…Parking spaces heat up during the day and contribute to a higher temperature. At night, these warm surfaces contribute to the urban heat island effect [44]. If the cars are parked on the driving lane, without additional parking places, the street segments represent a value of 2.…”

Section: Grey Parking Spacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Environment in the Lead: A Scorecard System to Assess Adaptation Measures and Score Ecosystem Services at the Street Level

et al. 2022

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Currently, there is no method available that can systematically score the available ecosystem services in streets or street segments in suburban districts. In this study, different climate adaptation measures and their ecosystem services were categorized into green, blue, and grey categories and weight was given to each category based on their impact on the microclimate. This study took place in the Hillesluis district in the city of Rotterdam and the Paddepoel district in the city of Groningen. In Rotterdam, 21 streets, composed of 42 street segments, were assessed. In Groningen, 17 streets, composed of 45 street segments, were assessed. The available ecosystem services of each street segment were scored from 0–100. The scorecard method that was developed and tested during this study provided insight in the variation of available ecosystem services of streets and street segments. Individual street scores were very low in the city of Rotterdam and ranged between 3 and 50, with the average score for the street segments of 29. In Groningen, the scores were considerably higher with a range between 23 and 70, with an average score of 47 per street segment. The presence of larger green trees, front yards, and façade gardens in the green category are the most distinctive variable, while adaptation measures in the blue category were absent in both cities. The scorecard proved to be very useful in the adaptation labeling of street segments and entire streets. After assessing a neighborhood, the least adaptive streets can be identified relatively easy. Based on the score a label can be given between A+++ and G. The scorecard informs residents and decision makers about which streets are most adaptive and which streets have an adaptation potential. The method can easily be duplicated and used by local governments and community groups to have better insight in the level of climate adaptation of their street. Labels for entire streets can be used to create awareness and encourage residents to take action and expand the number of climate adaptation measures in their street.

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Reflective Parking Lots for Microscale Urban Heat Island Mitigation

Cited by 14 publications

References 44 publications

The Future of Climate-Resilient and Climate-Neutral City in the Temperate Climate Zone

The Future of Climate-Resilient and Climate-Neutral City in the Temperate Climate Zone

Multidisciplinary Understanding of the Urban Heating Problem and Mitigation: A Conceptual Framework for Urban Planning

The Environment in the Lead: A Scorecard System to Assess Adaptation Measures and Score Ecosystem Services at the Street Level

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