“…The cognitive approach focuses on changing learners' own cognitive appraisals (Hashemi & Abbasi 2013;Hismanoglu & Hismanoglu, 2010;Lee, 2016;Mejías, Applebaum, Applebaum, & Trotter, 1991;Nagahashi, 2007). The affective approach attempts to eliminate or reduce the negativity of the foreign language experience (Cinkara, 2016;Ismail, 2016;Oxford, 2015;Ratanasiripong, Sverduk, Hayashino, & Prince, 2010;Siagto-Wakat, 2016). In behavioral approach, premise is that FLA occurs as a result of poor language skills, and attempts to train learners in skills through different methods and techniques (Grant, Huang, & Pasfield-Neofitou, 2014;Lord, 2005;Shams, 2005).…”