Reflective spectroscopy investigations of clothing items to support law enforcement, search and rescue, and war crime investigations

Burke, Michelle; Dawson, Claudia; Allen, C. Scott; Brum, Jared; Roberts, Jessica L.; Krekeler, Mark P.S.

doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109945

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In our experimental study we found that rescue blankets can effectively reflect long-wave IR in the spectral band between 7500 and 13,500 nm. Thermal measurements taken in our study confirm that winter clothing provides excellent protection against heat loss [18,19]. As the heat radiated by a clothed body is expected to be minimal, the contributing thermo-protective effects of rescue blankets, namely by blocking IR radiation, are limited [20].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Rescue blankets hamper thermal imaging in search and rescue missions

Isser¹,

Kranebitter²,

Kofler³

et al. 2020

SN Appl. Sci.

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Thermal imaging for unmanned aerial vehicles is used to search for victims in poor visibility conditions. We used a gimbal-mounted camera for thermo-radiation measurements of body temperature from persons covered with rescue blankets in the hibernal wilderness setting. Long-wave infrared radiation in the spectral range between 7500 and 13,500 nm was evaluated. Parts of this research have previously been published in a review on electromagnetic radiation reflectivity of rescue blankets (https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6412/10/4/375/htm). Surface temperature measurement was diminished by clothing, namely by 72.6% for fleece, by 82.2% for an additional down jacket and by 92.3% for an additional all-weather jacket, as compared to forehead temperature. Furthermore, we detected that a single-layer rescue blanket is sufficient to render recognition of a body shape impossible. With three layers covering a clothed body infrared transmission was almost completely blocked. However, rescue blankets increase visibility for thermal cameras due to high gradients in temperature. Conspicuously low temperatures from objects of 1 to 2 m length may indicate reflections from rescue blanket surfaces in a cold environment. Ideally, rescue blankets should be removed from the body to increase the chance of being located when using thermal imaging to search for victims in search and rescue missions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Rescue blankets hamper thermal imaging in search and rescue missions

Isser¹,

Kranebitter²,

Kofler³

et al. 2020

SN Appl. Sci.

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“…Small spectral features appear more broad in the AHS data due to spectral resolution of the MEMS FPI. Nevertheless, the good agreement between AHS sensor and FTIR indicate, that spectral libraries, such as presented in [7], can be used with the AHS sensor. Several reflectance spectra from different outdoor jackets, measured with the AHS sensor are shown Figure 5a.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Active hyperspectral sensing for border control

Kääriäinen

Mekhrengin

Dönsberg

2021

Electro-Optical and Infrared Systems: Technology and Applications XVIII and Electro-Optical Remote Sensing XV

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There is a need for sensor technologies capable of identifying illegal border crossings through foliage. In this work, we study the use of a novel active hyperspectral sensor for remote identification of persons and vehicles through foliage. The AHS sensor is based on a continuously tunable near-infrared supercontinuum light source and a microelectromechanical Fabry-Pérot interferometer for transmission band selection. Real-time spectral detection algorithms are used to identify the targets based on the spectral content of the back-scattered light. Preliminary results are presented from both in-lab and outdoors.

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“…The values for low noise equivalent delta radiance (NeDL) are 1.1 × 10 −9 W/cm 2 /sr/nm at 700 nm for UV/VNIR, 2.8 × 10 −9 W/cm 2 /sr/nm at 1400 nm for NIR, and 5.6 × 10 −8 W/cm 2 /sr/nm at 2100 nm. Several previous versions of the ASD (PANalytical) FieldSpec 4 Hi-Res have been produced, and prior work has utilized this technology in a range of settings and contexts [20,[29][30][31][32][33].…”

Section: Spectroradiometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Reflective Spectroscopy and Mineralogical Investigation of Cosmetic Blush (Wet‘N’Wild) Potentially for Forensic Investigations Related to Interpersonal Violence—An Experimental Feasibility Study

Curtis,

Stitle,

Certain

et al. 2023

Forensic Sciences

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Interpersonal violence is a rising issue in global society and new approaches are being sought to combat the problem. Within this context, expanding forensic techniques to better document violent crime scenes is critical for improving and acquiring legal evidence, such as proving or tracing contact between victims and suspects. This project aims to demonstrate the potential for forensic investigations in the context of interpersonal violence using a field-based reflective spectroscopy approach. For this, a common cosmetic, Wet‘N’Wild “Color Icon” blush in the shade “Pearlescent Pink”, was mineralogically characterized using transmission electron microscopy and powder X-ray diffraction and subsequently investigated via reflective spectroscopy on a variety of common substrates. Differing amounts of the cosmetic product, ranging from 0.001 g to 0.075 g, were applied to a variety of substrates using a simple push method to simulate forcible contact and material transfer. Substrates included a pine wood block; (calcareous) sand from Tulum, Mexico; Ottawa sand; tile; Pergo wood; linoleum; closet material; carpets; and fabrics. The reflective spectra of cosmetic–substrate combinations were measured via an ASD FieldSpec 4 Hi-Res spectroradiometer. The Wet‘N’Wild cosmetic was reliably detected on various substrates relevant to crime scenes. Minor amounts (as low as 0.02 mg/mm2) could be detected, and average limits of detection of 0.03 mg/mm2) were achieved; however, a calcareous sand (Tulum) had a high level of detection (>0.38 mg/mm2), suggesting that further investigation is needed for more complex sand substrates. The use of the ASD spectroradiometer as a forensic tool within the context of crime scene documentation shows promise. Future work should expand the characterization of cosmetic materials across a broad range of substrates and consider systematic studies of specific population groups. Furthermore, combining this approach with hyperspectral imaging at crime scenes is a promising future direction for crime scene documentation. This work therefore demonstrates a novel method for investigating cosmetics within the context of interpersonal violence and provides a foundation for future laboratory and field work using the ASD FieldSpec 4 and hyperspectral imaging systems.

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Reflective spectroscopy investigations of clothing items to support law enforcement, search and rescue, and war crime investigations

Cited by 14 publications

References 36 publications

Rescue blankets hamper thermal imaging in search and rescue missions

Rescue blankets hamper thermal imaging in search and rescue missions

Active hyperspectral sensing for border control

A Reflective Spectroscopy and Mineralogical Investigation of Cosmetic Blush (Wet‘N’Wild) Potentially for Forensic Investigations Related to Interpersonal Violence—An Experimental Feasibility Study

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