2001
DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7793.2001.0251k.x
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Reflex respiratory response to changes in upper airway pressure in the anaesthetized rat

Abstract: Obstruction of the upper airway (UA) due to collapse of the pharynx is a common event during sleep. When the pharynx narrows, inspiratory efforts generate less airflow, but produce large negative pressures across the wall of the extra-thoracic airway below the site of obstruction. Upper airway negative pressure (UANP) distorts mechanoreceptors in the airway wall, inducing reflex responses including an increase in UA muscle activity and an inhibition of motor drive to the diaphragm (Mathew et al. 1982a,b;Amis … Show more

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Cited by 31 publications
(44 citation statements)
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“…In general, upper airway obstruction elicits compensatory neuromuscular responses that maintain upper airway patency and prevent sleep apnea from developing. These responses can restore airway patency by recruiting muscles that dilate and elongate the airway (63,65,66,67,(78)(79)(80)(81)(82)(83)(84). In patients with sleep apnea, impaired neural responses to airway obstruction account for the marked elevation in Pcrit during sleep compared with normal individuals (54)(55)(56).…”
Section: Obesity and Upper Airway Neuromechanical Control Modeling Upmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In general, upper airway obstruction elicits compensatory neuromuscular responses that maintain upper airway patency and prevent sleep apnea from developing. These responses can restore airway patency by recruiting muscles that dilate and elongate the airway (63,65,66,67,(78)(79)(80)(81)(82)(83)(84). In patients with sleep apnea, impaired neural responses to airway obstruction account for the marked elevation in Pcrit during sleep compared with normal individuals (54)(55)(56).…”
Section: Obesity and Upper Airway Neuromechanical Control Modeling Upmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Those upper airway muscles that have been well studied with respect to their reflex responses to subatmospheric airway pressure in animals and humans have a documented (or postulated) inspiratory activation and/or dilatory action on the upper airspace (7,9,161,212,214,282,317,320,356,369,426,452,576,579,596,598). An important question, therefore, is whether such upper airway dilator muscles are selectively activated by subatmospheric airway pressure, or whether, for example, tongue retractors or vocal cord adductors are inhibited, unaffected, or also activated by the same stimuli.…”
Section: Upper Airway Motor Responses To Subatmospheric Airway Pressurementioning
confidence: 98%
“…Superior laryngeal nerve afferents terminate in the interstitial nucleus of the nucleus of the solitary tract (156), with the solitary tract having strong projections to the lateral reticular formation (447) which in turn project to the hypoglossal motor pool (54). In rats, tonic activity in superior laryngeal nerve afferents inhibits upper airway motor outflow, with subatmospheric upper airway pressure suppressing this tonic inhibitory superior laryngeal nerve activity (452). Accordingly, the abolition of the negative pressure reflex with GABA A receptor agonism in the periobex region requires an inhibitory relay in the reflex pathway both in the nucleus of the solitary tract and the periobex region [see Figure 8 of reference (91)], both of which have yet to be identified electrophysiologically.…”
Section: Central Neural Pathwaysmentioning
confidence: 99%
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