Refolding of urea‐denatured α‐chymotrypsin by protein‐folding liquid chromatography

Abstract

An approach for re-folding denatured proteins during proteome research by protein folding liquid chromatography (PFLC) is presented. Standard protein, α-chymotrypsin (α-Chy), was selected as a model protein and hydrophobic interaction chromatography was performed as a typical PFLC; the three different α-Chy states - urea-denatured (U state), its folded intermediates (M state) and nature state (N state) - were studied during protein folding. Based on the test by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry and bioactivity, only one stable M state of the α-Chy was identified and then it was prepared for further investigation. The specific bioactivity of the refolded α-Chy was found to be higher than that of commercial α-Chy as the urea concentration in the sample solution ranged from 1.0 to 3.0 m; the highest specific bioactivity at urea concentration was 1.0 m, indicating the possibility for re-folding some proteins that have partially or completely lost their bioactivity, as a dilute urea solution was employed for dissolving the sample. The experiment showed that the peak height of its M state increased with increasing urea concentration, and correspondingly decreased in the amount of the refolded α-Chy. When the urea concentration reached 6.0 m, the unfolded α-Chy could not be refolded at all.

Predictions of matrix‐assisted refolding of α‐lactalbumin: Process efficiency versus batch dilution method

“…Chromatographic refolding has also been conducted using adsorptive chromatography on various matrices such as ion‐exchange chromatography (IEC) or hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) media . However, the denatured proteins often tend to aggregate in the course of adsorption–desorption cycle, which can impair yield of the operation .…”