Refractive and diffractive properties of planar micro-optical elements

Rossi, Markus; Kunz, R.; Herzig, H. P.

doi:10.1364/ao.34.005996

Cited by 92 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…as a depth error after fabrication [8], but will not be discussed further in this paper. We describe the diå ractive behaviour of both types of blazed gratings in terms of a Fourier optics approach.…”

Section: Numerical Results For Blazed Gratingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diffractive optical elements with modulated zone sizes

Ammer

Rossi

2000

Journal of Modern Optics

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The standard design for phase-only diå ractive optical elements comprises a transformation of the continuous phase function into a surface relief by means of wrapping the phase into regular intervals of M2 p . This results in a structure with diå ractive zones aligned in a horizontal plane. We present an alternative design concept with modulated zone sizes leading to nonperiodic boundary positions and non-aligned surface structures. The diå ractive properties are compared to those of conventional diå ractive optical elements. It can be shown that they are fully equivalent for the design wavelength, but exhibit a diå erent spectral behaviour for deviating wavelengths. These properties are exploited for the improvement of the optical performance of blazed gratings and diå ractive lenses under conditions of deviating wavelengths. Special emphasis is put on the optimization of the ratio between diå ractive eae ciencies of the design order and other orders for blazed gratings and focusing diå ractive lenses, as well as the suppression of interference eå ects within Gaussian beams collimated with diå ractive lenses.

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Section: Numerical Results For Blazed Gratingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the case of regular zones sizes …x j ‡1 ¡ x jˆL for all j †, equation (8) reduces to equation (6). If we take ¬ˆ1 , we obtain exactly the same behaviour as for the regular blazed grating.…”

Section: …8 †mentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffractive optical elements with modulated zone sizes

Ammer

Rossi

2000

Journal of Modern Optics

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“…Figure 13 illustrates this principle further by showing how the required E-field and radii of each sub-domain corresponds to the multi-level diffractive components of the device. These components contribute towards the kinoform profile of the lens, where both the diffractive and phased properties of the domains are aligned for the best optical properties [56]. This, in-turn, results in the variable refractive properties of the whole lens.…”

Section: Electrode Patterned Lc Lensesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Switchable Liquid Crystal Contact Lenses for the Correction of Presbyopia

et al. 2018

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Abstract:Presbyopia is an age-related disorder where the lens of the eye hardens so that focusing on near objects becomes increasingly difficult. This complaint affects everyone over the age of 50. It is becoming progressively more relevant, as the average age of the global population continues to rise. Bifocal or varifocal spectacles are currently the best solution for those that require near and far vision correction. However, many people prefer not to wear spectacles and while multifocal contact lenses are available, they are not widely prescribed and can require significant adaptation by wearers. One possible solution is to use liquid crystal contact lenses that can change focal power by applying a small electric field across the device. However, the design of these contact lenses must be carefully considered as they must be comfortable for the user to wear and able to provide the required change in focal power (usually about +2D). Progress towards different lens designs, which includes lens geometry, liquid crystal choices and suitable alignment modes, are reviewed. Furthermore, we also discuss suitable electrode materials, possible power sources and suggest some methods for switching the lenses between near and far vision correction.

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“…Due to their refractive working principle, micro-lens systems offer very high efficiencies. Especially in illumination systems using light sources with a beam quality factor M 2 > 20 (e.g., excimer lasers, high-power diode lasers, LEDs), micro-lenses are the key elements for the highly accurate homogenization of the light distribution [2][3][4][5][6]. Due to their regular periodic structure, classical low-loss micro-lens systems with 100% fill factor are limited to producing exclusively rectangular or hexagonal intensity shapes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From regular periodic micro-lens arrays to randomized continuous phase profiles

Cumme

Deparnay

2015

Advanced Optical Technologies

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Illumination systems for various industrial applications, e.g., in semiconductor industries and medical treatment techniques, require a specific and well-adapted intensity distribution with maximum efficiency, best achievable accuracy, and highest flexibility in the selection of the target light field. Additionally, for particular applications, all these aspects have to be fulfilled simultaneously for different wavelengths. In most of these situations, the challenging optical specifications are accompanied by the requirement of a cost-efficient fabrication technique, suitable at least for batch or small series production. In the present contribution, we first retrace the development steps and performance progress of micro-optical-based beam shaping setups. Secondly, we discuss the possibilities resulting from a combination of both refractive and diffractive optical characteristics. Especially, we show that a well-adapted combination of refractive and diffractive properties in a single element allows us to create achromatic diffusers with exceptional flexibility and high conversion efficiency.

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Refractive and diffractive properties of planar micro-optical elements

Cited by 92 publications

References 14 publications

Diffractive optical elements with modulated zone sizes

Diffractive optical elements with modulated zone sizes

Switchable Liquid Crystal Contact Lenses for the Correction of Presbyopia

From regular periodic micro-lens arrays to randomized continuous phase profiles

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