Refractive errors in a Brazilian population: age and sex distribution

Ferraz, Fabio H.; Corrente, José Eduardo; Opromolla, Paula Araujo; Padovani, Carlos Roberto; Schellini, Silvana Artioli

doi:10.1111/opo.12164

Cited by 34 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Numerous studies across the world have reported the prevalence of refractive errors as an index of descriptive epidemiology, and it may be the only field in refractive errors which includes reports from almost every corner of the world. 2 , 3 , 4 , 8 , 12 , 14 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 78 , 79 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 83 ,…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global and regional estimates of prevalence of refractive errors: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Hashemi

Fotouhi

Yekta

et al. 2018

Journal of Current Ophthalmology

348

254

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PurposeThe aim of the study was a systematic review of refractive errors across the world according to the WHO regions.MethodsTo extract articles on the prevalence of refractive errors for this meta-analysis, international databases were searched from 1990 to 2016. The results of the retrieved studies were merged using a random effect model and reported as estimated pool prevalence (EPP) with 95% confidence interval (CI).ResultsIn children, the EPP of myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism was 11.7% (95% CI: 10.5–13.0), 4.6% (95% CI: 3.9–5.2), and 14.9% (95% CI: 12.7–17.1), respectively. The EPP of myopia ranged from 4.9% (95% CI: 1.6–8.1) in South–East Asia to 18.2% (95% CI: 10.9–25.5) in the Western Pacific region, the EPP of hyperopia ranged from 2.2% (95% CI: 1.2–3.3) in South-East Asia to 14.3% (95% CI: 13.4–15.2) in the Americas, and the EPP of astigmatism ranged from 9.8% in South-East Asia to 27.2% in the Americas. In adults, the EPP of myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism was 26.5% (95% CI: 23.4–29.6), 30.9% (95% CI: 26.2–35.6), and 40.4% (95% CI: 34.3–46.6), respectively. The EPP of myopia ranged from 16.2% (95% CI: 15.6–16.8) in the Americas to 32.9% (95% CI: 25.1–40.7) in South-East Asia, the EPP of hyperopia ranged from 23.1% (95% CI: 6.1%–40.2%) in Europe to 38.6% (95% CI: 22.4–54.8) in Africa and 37.2% (95% CI: 25.3–49) in the Americas, and the EPP of astigmatism ranged from 11.4% (95% CI: 2.1–20.7) in Africa to 45.6% (95% CI: 44.1–47.1) in the Americas and 44.8% (95% CI: 36.6–53.1) in South-East Asia. The results of meta-regression showed that the prevalence of myopia increased from 1993 (10.4%) to 2016 (34.2%) (P = 0.097).ConclusionThis report showed that astigmatism was the most common refractive errors in children and adults followed by hyperopia and myopia. The highest prevalence of myopia and astigmatism was seen in South-East Asian adults. The highest prevalence of hyperopia in children and adults was seen in the Americas.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global and regional estimates of prevalence of refractive errors: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Hashemi

Fotouhi

Yekta

et al. 2018

Journal of Current Ophthalmology

348

254

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Of note, the prevalence of different types of refractive errors in the representative age group or in general population have not been studied/discussed. A review of literature reveals different minimum/maximum cut-off values to define the refractive errors [ 7 , 10 , 17 , 21 , 32 , 33 ] and data analysis methods (patient wise versus eye wise distribution) [ 7 , 13 , 30 , 34 , 35 ] etc . These differences will be highlighted while comparing the current study results with the literature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relative Proportion Of Different Types Of Refractive Errors In Subjects Seeking Laser Vision Correction

Althomali

2018

TOOPHTJ

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Background:Refractive errors are a form of optical defect affecting more than 2.3 billion people worldwide. As refractive errors are a major contributor of mild to moderate vision impairment, assessment of their relative proportion would be helpful in the strategic planning of health programs.Purpose:To determine the pattern of the relative proportion of types of refractive errors among the adult candidates seeking laser assisted refractive correction in a private clinic setting in Saudi Arabia.Methods:The clinical charts of 687 patients (1374 eyes) with mean age 27.6 ± 7.5 years who desired laser vision correction and underwent a pre-LASIK work-up were reviewed retrospectively. Refractive errors were classified as myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism. Manifest refraction spherical equivalent (MRSE) was applied to define refractive errors.Outcome Measures:Distribution percentage of different types of refractive errors; myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism.Results:The mean spherical equivalent for 1374 eyes was -3.11 ± 2.88 D. Of the total 1374 eyes, 91.8% (n = 1262) eyes had myopia, 4.7% (n = 65) eyes had hyperopia and 3.4% (n = 47) had emmetropia with astigmatism. Distribution percentage of astigmatism (cylinder error of ≥ 0.50 D) was 78.5% (1078/1374 eyes); of which % 69.1% (994/1374) had low to moderate astigmatism and 9.4% (129/1374) had high astigmatism.Conclusion and Relevance:Of the adult candidates seeking laser refractive correction in a private setting in Saudi Arabia, myopia represented greatest burden with more than 90% myopic eyes, compared to hyperopia in nearly 5% eyes. Astigmatism was present in more than 78% eyes.

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“…It is widely accepted that a myopic shift usually starts earlier in life, and myopic patients start to wear spectacles at a younger age compared with hyperopic patients. 20 , 21 Therefore, myopic individuals would benefit from earlier UV protection than hyperopic or emmetropic individuals. Almost all spectacle lenses prescribed in South Korea can reduce UV exposure in varying degrees, although the extent of UV blockage can fall short of United States Food and Drug Administration recommendations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors for Pterygium in Korea

et al. 2015

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The aim of this study is to report general and age-specific risk factors for pterygium prevalence in the Korean population.This in an observational case series study.Data from total 24,812 participants (age 40 years or older) from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys conducted from 2010 to 2012 were retrieved. After applying exclusion criteria, data from 13,204 participants (821 with pterygium and 12,383 without) were used for univariate and multivariate analyses. General risk factors were identified and participants were grouped by decade: 40 s, 50 s, 60 s, 70 s, and 80+. Age-specific risk factors were investigated for each group.After univariate analysis, 2 multiple regression models were constructed. Model 1: age + sex + spherical equivalent (SE) + sun exposure hours + occupation (indoor vs outdoor) + residency area (rural vs urban) + education level; model 2: age + sex + SE + sun exposure hours. In model 1, older age (odds ratio [OR]: 1.05 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05–1.06), male gender (OR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.01–1.61), and longer sun exposure hours (OR: 1.47, 95% CI: 1.11–1.94) were significant risk factors for pterygium prevalence whereas higher level of education (elementary school vs college, OR: 3.98, 95% CI: 2.24–7.06) and urban residency (vs rural residency, OR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.45–0.70) were protective factors. Higher SE (OR 1.11, 95% CI: 1.03–1.19) refractive error was considered a risk factor when using model 2 for the analysis. Age-specific risk factors were different in each age group. Male gender was associated with higher pterygium prevalence in younger age groups while longer sun exposure (5+ hours/day) increased pterygium prevalence in older age groups.Previously characterized risk factors were also found in this large population study. However, we found that risk factors may vary according to the age group. Myopic eyes were found to have lower prevalence than hyperopic eyes.

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Refractive errors in a Brazilian population: age and sex distribution

Cited by 34 publications

References 24 publications

Global and regional estimates of prevalence of refractive errors: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Global and regional estimates of prevalence of refractive errors: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Relative Proportion Of Different Types Of Refractive Errors In Subjects Seeking Laser Vision Correction

Risk Factors for Pterygium in Korea

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