Refractive Errors in Twin Studies

Heritabilities of Ocular Biometrical Traits in Two Croatian Isolates with Extended Pedigrees

“…In contrast, heritability estimates for SER in the Croatian isolates were low, as reported (weak to moderate) for the Sardinian isolate and in family studies when based on parent-offspring correlations 12,35 or families selected on myopic probands, 36 compared with the high heritabilities reported for SER in diverse twin studies. 37 While this paper was under review, the Beaver Dam Eye Study reported a high heritability (0.58 Ϯ 0.13) for SER in its cross-population sample, 38 using all informative relative pairs and a variance component method similar to ours. The wide range of estimates across studies most likely reflects that SER is strongly influenced by the environment, as epidemiologic studies have highlighted.…”

Perspective: How Might Emmetropization and Genetic Factors Produce Myopia in Normal Eyes?

“…Even non-myopic children with myopic parents tend to have longer eyes than non-myopic children of non-myopic parents 3. Heritability values from twin studies are generally high (0.5 to 0.90) 4–6. Numerous loci associated with myopia have been reported from association studies using microsatellite markers and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) 7,8.…”

Insulin Acts as a Powerful Stimulator of Axial Myopia in Chicks

“…1 Although most researchers agree that both the environment and genetics play a role in the development of myopia, the relative contribution of both factors is still a matter for debate. In animal models, myopia can be artificially generated by placing negative lenses in front of the eye, whereas hyperopia can be induced by positive lenses.…”