Refractive index matching and clear emulsions

Abstract

Refractive index (RI) matching is a unique way of making clear emulsions to meet market trends. However, RI matching has not

Transparency-changing elastomers by controlling of the refractive index of liquid inclusions

“…The optical transmittance (T) of biphasic materials can be approximated by the Beer-Lambert law, T = I/I 0 = exp(−NLπRQ), where N is the number density of droplets, R is the radius of the droplets I 0 and I are the intensity of incident light and the light attenuated after optical pathlength L by an extinction factor, Q. According to the literature, when the refractive indices between dispersed phase and continuous phase are matched, Q converges to 0, resulting in ∼100% transmittance [8,22,23]. Based on the relation, we interpreted that the RI of the WG droplet phase (pure water n ≈ 1.33 and glycerol n ≈ 1.47) are matched to that of the PDMS phase (n ≈ 1.41) at a glycerol concentration of 60 wt.%; thus the EBCs are optically clear (figure 1(b)).…”

“…In addition to many other factors, such as particle size and volume fraction, the tuning of the refractive indices between dispersed phase and continuous phase endows biphasic materials with a wide range of opacity (or light transmittance) [7]. However, biphasic materials can look optically clear when the refractive indices between dispersed phases and continuous phases are carefully matched [8].…”

Advancement in UV-Visible-IR Camouflage Textiles for Concealment of Defense Surveillance against Multidimensional Combat Backgrounds

“…Figure 2 and Equ. 1-7; CDRI principle has been illustrated according to established theory of wavelength-reflection-electron energy-photonic signal such as Einstein theory of energy [23], Broglie relation of wavelength [24] [25], Snell's law of reflection [26,27] and photon energy of Max Planck [28]. Illumination in the form of energy creates photonic signal for surveillance and imaging of target signature against multidimensional CBs-DGTWSICB.…”

“…Snell's law is much related illustration for reflectance characteristics of target OB. According to Snell's law of reflection, the speed of light rays decreases when travelling to refractive medium [26,27]. The refractive indexes of International Commission on Illumination (CIE)-red, green, and blue (RGB) color at different wavelength in UV-Vis-IR are not similar.…”

“…Illumination parameters such as: refractive index, reflection angle (0° to 360°) and wavelength determines the chromatic signal of target signature and CBs-DGTWSICB to the sensor of digital camera and hyperspectral camera in UV-Vis-IR spectrums. Hence, the chromatic appearances of target OB are replaced when reflectance coefficients (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0) are shifted as spectrum probe shown in Figure 4 [27,33]. Reflection coefficients are also related to OB properties in UV-Vis-IR spectrums.…”