Refractive index measurements of solid deuterium–tritium

Iwano, Keisuke; Zhang, Jiaqi; Iwamoto, A.; Iwasa, Y.; Shigemori, K.; Hara, Masanori; Hatano, Yuji; Norimatsu, T.; Yamanoi, Kohei

doi:10.1038/s41598-022-06298-1

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…The cell was put in the cryostat. The system detail was described in our previous literature [8]. In this section, the theory of the refractive index measurement is described at first, and the measurement procedure including the H 2 -D 2 solidification is explained.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The estimated values of solid D 2 in particular have considerable standard deviations. To improve the accuracy of the equation, the temperature dependence of the refractive index of H 2 and D 2 in the liquid and solid phases were measured by the same method as previous research [8].…”

Section: Temperature-dependent Refractive Index Measurements Of H 2 A...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among them, the Lorentz-Lorenz equation is approximately valid for solids as well as liquids and gases. The refractive indices of hydrogen [15] and deuterium [8] are calculated. The Lorentz-Lorenz mixing rule is represented as…”

Section: Refractive Index Distribution Measurements Of H 2 -Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Refractive index measurement of hydrogen isotopologue mixture and applicability for homogeneity of hydrogen solid at cryogenic temperature in fusion fuel system

et al. 2023

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Deuterium (D)-tritium (T) nuclear fusion reaction has the potential as an energy source in the future. In both magnetic confinement and inertial confinement fusion reactors, the solid D-T will generally be supplied as fusion fuel. The efficiency of nuclear fusion reaction depends on the quality of solid D-T fuel, which is related to the composition, homogeneity, helium-3 (3He) content, and so on. However, there is no technique for the in-situ examination method of solid D-T fuel. In this study, we considered a simple and precise method for the characterization of solid hydrogen isotopologues at cryogenic temperature using the refractive index measurement, and the distribution of hydrogen isotopologue composition and homogeneity were evaluated. To evaluate without the effect of tritium decay, the homogeneity of the hydrogen(H2)-deuterium(D2) mixture was measured at first. By the in-situ refractive index measurement at cryogenic temperature, the homogeneity of solid H2-D2 mixture was roughly quantified. The phase diagram of the H2-D2 mixture shows a solid solution type. D2-rich crystal first appeared from the liquid phase as a primary crystal. The composition of D2 in liquid phase was homogeneous, whereas it reduces by obeying the liquidus line in the phase diagram with the crystallization. On the other hand, the composition of the H2-D2 mixture in solid phase was inhomogeneous. Because the mobility of H2 and D2 in solid phase was too slow to be homogeneous solid. The compositions of H2-D2 mixture in liquid and solid phases could be evaluated by the in-situ refractive index measurement in time. Consequently, the refractive index measurement showed great potential for the inspection method of solid D-T fuel in fusion reactors.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Temperature-dependent Refractive Index Measurements Of H 2 A...mentioning

confidence: 99%