“…As described above, in a procedure in which the natural lens has been removed, the refractive outcome can be analyzed as either the procedure as a whole or based on the lens in isolation. To achieve this, further vector analysis can be done using the hybrid method as described by Alpins et al 10 In this method, the preoperative astigmatism is taken to be the corneal astigmatism after including the predicted effect of the corneal incision, so that the refractive cylindrical correction of the IOL is isolated from the astigmatic effect of the corneal incision, which has already been handled separately and described above. The postoperative astigmatism is then taken to be manifest refractive cylinder (adjusted to the corneal plane).…”