Refractory metals as core materials for Generation IV nuclear reactors

Muroga, T.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-100906-2.00011-2

Cited by 9 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…Systems that target operation around or beyond 800 • C can only be conceived using, as structural materials, either Ni-based superalloys [90], such as alloy 800 [95], or, more appropriately, refractory metallic alloys [90,96,97]. Higher temperatures are the realm of ceramic materials: in addition to graphite, the base core material for the VHTR, also SiC/SiC composites [98][99][100], which are main target material for GFR core components, as well as a plethora of other possibilities, depending on component and function [90].…”

Section: Low Alloy Bainitic Steelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Otherwise, refractory elements need to be considered for in-core applications, including ATF. The spectrum of alloys is quite wide [96,97,329], for both fission and fusion [330] and especially considered for space nuclear applications [331], often combining elements, either in solid solution [96,97,329], or in layers [332,333]: molybdenum alloys [102,334,335] (U-Mo alloys are also considered as proliferation-resistant fuel [336]. ), niobium alloys [331,337], vanadium alloys [97,333,[338][339][340] and tungsten alloys [332,341,342], the two latter especially for fusion, and tungsten exclusively for it [329,342].…”

Section: Annex 3-pathways To Nuclear Materials Improvement For Next G...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The spectrum of alloys is quite wide [96,97,329], for both fission and fusion [330] and especially considered for space nuclear applications [331], often combining elements, either in solid solution [96,97,329], or in layers [332,333]: molybdenum alloys [102,334,335] (U-Mo alloys are also considered as proliferation-resistant fuel [336]. ), niobium alloys [331,337], vanadium alloys [97,333,[338][339][340] and tungsten alloys [332,341,342], the two latter especially for fusion, and tungsten exclusively for it [329,342]. Tantalum alloys have been considered in the past in the US for space nuclear applications, but little information is available, except for a few conference abstracts that can be found online.…”

Section: Annex 3-pathways To Nuclear Materials Improvement For Next G...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Materials for Sustainable Nuclear Energy: A European Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda for All Reactor Generations

Malerba

Mazouzi²,

Bertolus

et al. 2022

Energies

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Nuclear energy is presently the single major low-carbon electricity source in Europe and is overall expected to maintain (perhaps eventually even increase) its current installed power from now to 2045. Long-term operation (LTO) is a reality in essentially all nuclear European countries, even when planning to phase out. New builds are planned. Moreover, several European countries, including non-nuclear or phasing out ones, have interests in next generation nuclear systems. In this framework, materials and material science play a crucial role towards safer, more efficient, more economical and overall more sustainable nuclear energy. This paper proposes a research agenda that combines modern digital technologies with materials science practices to pursue a change of paradigm that promotes innovation, equally serving the different nuclear energy interests and positions throughout Europe. This paper chooses to overview structural and fuel materials used in current generation reactors, as well as their wider spectrum for next generation reactors, summarising the relevant issues. Next, it describes the materials science approaches that are common to any nuclear materials (including classes that are not addressed here, such as concrete, polymers and functional materials), identifying for each of them a research agenda goal. It is concluded that among these goals are the development of structured materials qualification test-beds and materials acceleration platforms (MAPs) for materials that operate under harsh conditions. Another goal is the development of multi-parameter-based approaches for materials health monitoring based on different non-destructive examination and testing (NDE&T) techniques. Hybrid models that suitably combine physics-based and data-driven approaches for materials behaviour prediction can valuably support these developments, together with the creation and population of a centralised, “smart” database for nuclear materials.

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Section: Low Alloy Bainitic Steelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Annex 3-pathways To Nuclear Materials Improvement For Next G...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Annex 3-pathways To Nuclear Materials Improvement For Next G...mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Materials for Sustainable Nuclear Energy: A European Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda for All Reactor Generations

Malerba

Mazouzi²,

Bertolus

et al. 2022

Energies

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“…For the development of low activation structural materials, vanadium alloys, SiC/SiC composites, and ODS-RAFM steels, recognized as candidates of advanced low activation 12 structural materials, have been actively studied in NIFS and Universities, in contrast to the development of RAFM steels in which QST is taking the leading role. Recent overview articles for vanadium alloys 51,52 , SiC/SiC composites 53 , and ODS-RAFM steels 54 are introduced for showing recent activities. NIFS has fabricated vanadium alloys (high purity V-4Cr-4Ti) 55 and ODS-RAFM steels (9Cr and 12 Cr-ODS steels) 56 for collaborative use by Universities.…”

Section: Iiic Advanced Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of Fusion Engineering Research in Japan Focusing on Activities in NIFS and Universities

Muroga

Fukada

Hayashi

2019

Fusion Science and Technology

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This paper provides an overview of Japanese fusion engineering research activities focusing on those being carried out by NIFS and Japanese universities (Universities). NIFS is promoting the Fusion Engineering Research Project as one of the three research projects. The majority of the activity in the project is being carried out by collaboration with Universities. Utilizing core facilities installed in NIFS and the unique infrastructures of Universities, collaboration between NIFS and Universities is performed in superconducting magnet, liquid breeder blanket, advanced materials, high heat flux components, and tritium safety. NIFS also carries out international collaboration programs, such as Japan-China, Japan-USA, and IEA-based collaborations, promoting participation of University researchers. Responsibility division with QST, and contributions to ITER-BA and "Action Plan toward DEMO Development" are also reported.

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“…Along with low-activation ferritic-martensitic steels [1][2][3], vanadium-based alloys are promising structural materials in the nuclear power industry [4,5]. They demonstrate high superplasticity, thermal conductivity, excellent resistance to swelling and low activation under irradiation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nucleation of twins and dislocations in V-Ti alloys under various straining conditions

2019

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The features of plasticity nucleation in V-4Ti and V-16Ti crystallites under uniaxial tension and bilateral compression are studied. It is shown that the nucleation of plasticity in crystallites is associated with the formation of twins under uniaxial tension. During the development of plasticity, a screw dislocation cell structure is formed between twin plates. The strain and stress at which plasticity nucleates in the material decreases with increasing Ti concentration. It was found that the distribution pattern of Ti atoms in the initial structure has a significant effect on the elastic limit of the simulated crystallites. The plastic deformation of crystallites with 16% Ti under bilateral compression is realized only by the dislocation mechanism. This behavior of the material is due to the low value of the stress at the elastic limit, which is insufficient for the formation of twins.

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Refractory metals as core materials for Generation IV nuclear reactors

Cited by 9 publications

References 95 publications

Materials for Sustainable Nuclear Energy: A European Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda for All Reactor Generations

Materials for Sustainable Nuclear Energy: A European Strategic Research and Innovation Agenda for All Reactor Generations

Overview of Fusion Engineering Research in Japan Focusing on Activities in NIFS and Universities

Nucleation of twins and dislocations in V-Ti alloys under various straining conditions

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