Refractory Wear Mechanisms in the Nonferrous Metal Industry: Testing and Modeling Results

Gregurek, Dean; Ressler, A.; Reiter, V.; Franzkowiak, A.; Spanring, A.; Prietl, T.

doi:10.1007/s11837-013-0758-1

Cited by 30 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…In addition to post mortem studies, laboratory work and experimental testing carried out in the pilot plant of RHI's Technology Center Leoben enable the best possible understanding of the brick wear on the pilot scale. 5,6 Combining all these facts, the adequate choice of refractory is always essential for a successful furnace campaign.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of wear phenomena in lead processing furnaces

Gregurek¹,

Reinharter²,

Majcenovic³

et al. 2015

Journal of the European Ceramic Society

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of wear phenomena in lead processing furnaces

Gregurek¹,

Reinharter²,

Majcenovic³

et al. 2015

Journal of the European Ceramic Society

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“…9 Investigations of corrosion mechanisms are commonly performed by using a range of simplified laboratory-scale experiments. 10,11 The current tests combine practical measurements in laboratory-scale trials with theoretical thermodynamic calculations to understand the actual corrosion mechanisms, which is necessary for an improvement of the refractory performance and lifetime. The focus of this work is the evaluation of corrosion of refractory substrates and phase formation when a synthetically produced slag, based on data from FeNi producers, interacts with them.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase Reactions Between Refractory and High-Acidic Synthetic CaO-Ferronickel Slag

Sagadin

Luidold

Wagner³

et al. 2017

JOM

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Interactions between high melting synthetic ferronickel slags with acidic character and MgO as refractory were investigated. In order to facilitate the complex composition of real ferronickel slag, a synthetic slag of SiO 2 -MgOFe 2 O 3 -CaO was used. The practical corrosion tests of the MgO refractory were performed in a hot-stage microscope at temperatures of 1650°C under a CO/ CO 2 atmosphere for process-oriented conditions. The formed phases between slag and magnesia substrate were analyzed by scanning electron microscope analysis. The results show that, by penetrating the slag into the refractory, the melt dissolves the magnesia and forms Mg-and Ca silicates. Furthermore, a diffusion of Fe from the slag into the magnesia grains can be observed and a transformation to magnesiowustite occurs. Thermodynamic phase calculations using FactSage software confirmed the generation of these minerals. The combination of practical testing and thermodynamic calculations should ultimately provide a path for improving the refractory lifetime and performance.

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“…Furthermore, postmortem studies provide an important basis for customer recommendations enabling efficient and economic furnace operation. 1,2 In the nonferrous metals industry, particularly in secondary lead smelting furnaces, the refractory lining based on the magnesia-chromite bricks is exposed to complex and mutual wear caused by chemical, thermal, and mechanical stresses. 3,4 A general overview of wear phenomena in the lead melting furnaces is given in several papers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postmortem Study of a Magnesia-Chromite Brick from a Lead Recycling Furnace

Gregurek

Reinharter

Reiter

et al. 2015

JOM

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This study provides an example of a detailed postmortem analysis carried out on a used silicate-bonded magnesia-chromite brick out of a lead recycling furnace. The magnesia-chromite brick suffered from a high chemical attack due to the process slag. The high CaO, BaO, and sulfur-bearing silicate slag, as well as a high Na 2 O supply from soda resulted not only in a deep-reaching infiltration of the brick microstructure but also in a severe corrosion of the brick components. Both the sintered magnesia and chromite were attacked chemically. The FactSage calculations showed the formation of high amounts of liquid phase in the infiltrated microstructure and the formation of various Na-Ca-Al-silicates. A detailed investigation of the wear mechanisms through ''postmortem studies'' is a crucial prerequisite for every refractory producer to understand the interactions between slag and refractory materials. The obtained information and insights serve as a basis for improving refractory materials (i.e., choice of refractories for individual process and new developments) and consequently furnace operations (i.e., prolonged furnace campaigns).

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Refractory Wear Mechanisms in the Nonferrous Metal Industry: Testing and Modeling Results

Cited by 30 publications

References 4 publications

Overview of wear phenomena in lead processing furnaces

Overview of wear phenomena in lead processing furnaces

Phase Reactions Between Refractory and High-Acidic Synthetic CaO-Ferronickel Slag

Postmortem Study of a Magnesia-Chromite Brick from a Lead Recycling Furnace

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